Interstitial laser therapy control system

ABSTRACT

An interstitial laser therapy control system is disclosed. The control system includes a thermistor controller apparatus, a microprocessor, a storage device, at least one input device, a display, an electro-mechanical shutter switch, an electro-mechanical emergency shutoff switch, and an electro-mechanical master power switch. The microprocessor is configured to monitor temperatures detected by one or more thermistors connected to the thermistor controller. Based on the temperatures, the microprocessor determines when treatment has been successful and when application of laser energy needs to be halted. The control system also enables an operator to pause and resume treatment using the input device. The electro-mechanical shutter switch sends a signal to a laser source to close a shutter on the laser. The electro-mechanical emergency stop button causes power to be cut off to the laser source. The electro-mechanical master power switch shuts off power to all components in the interstitial laser therapy apparatus.

PRIORITY CLAIM

This application is a continuation-in-part of and claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/957,040, filed Dec. 14, 2007, is a non-provisional application of, claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/888,225, filed Feb. 5, 2007, and is also a non-provisional application of, claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/888,223, filed Feb. 5, 2007, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains or may contain material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the photocopy reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure in exactly the form it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure relates in general to an interstitial laser therapy control system, an in particular to a control system including a thermistor controller, a computer, and one or more electro-mechanical buttons or switches for controlling and monitoring application of interstitial laser energy to a tumor, and for determining when to stop applying such interstitial laser energy.

BACKGROUND

Percutaneous in situ or on-site laser therapy treatment of tissue such as tumors and in particular malignant breast tumors can be more readily performed today because tissue abnormalities such as tumors are being detected at earlier stages. Tissue abnormalities such as breast cancer and other cancers or tumors detected early in development can be effectively treated or destroyed using an ablative agent such as laser energy without conventional surgery.

Interstitial laser treatments of tissue (such as tumors) including malignant tumors (such as breast, liver, brain, and neck tumors), have been in development for more than a decade. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,169,396, U.S. Pat. No. 5,222,953, U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,240, U.S. Pat. No. 5,853,366, U.S. Pat. No. 6,603,988, U.S. Pat. No. 6,701,175, U.S. Pat. No. 6,865,412, U.S. Pat. No. 7,041,109, and U.S. Pat. No. 7,171,253 disclose various apparatus and methods for performing interstitial laser treatments of tumors. Certain of these patents disclose laser probes and thermal probes for conducting interstitial laser energy treatment. Certain of these patents disclose other apparatus for conducting interstitial laser treatments. There is a need for a control system for facilitating control of the interstitial laser apparatus during interstitial laser therapy.

SUMMARY

The control system of the present disclosure controls the amount of ablative laser energy applied to a tissue of interest, monitors the progress of an interstitial laser treatment, shuts off a laser source if temperatures above a maximum treatment temperature are detected, and provides an operator various software controlled and electro-mechanical input options for halting or otherwise controlling the application of laser energy to the tissue of interest. It should be appreciated that the control system monitors and controls the amount of laser energy applied based on temperatures detected in the center of a tissue of interest such as a tumor mass, as well as adjacent to the tissue of interest. In one embodiment, the control system includes a computer including a microprocessor, a storage device, and at least one input device, a thermistor controller, and a plurality of electro-mechanical switches. The control system also includes software stored on the storage device and executable by the microprocessor for monitoring the treatment and the patient during treatment. The thermistor controller enables the control system to monitor and act based on the temperatures detected in and around the tissue of interest. It should be appreciated that for purposes of brevity of this application, the tissue of interest to be treated will sometimes be referred to as the “treated tissue” and sometimes be referred to as the “tumor”; however, it should be appreciated that the present disclosure is not limited to the treatment of tumors. It should be appreciated that in different embodiments, the interstitial laser therapy control system is used to monitor interstitial laser energy delivered to tissue other than tumors.

In one embodiment, the control system of the present disclosure includes various electrical and electro-mechanical components that monitor temperature and enable operator control of interstitial laser treatments. In this embodiment, the control system includes a thermistor controller for receiving data representing the resistance detected at one or more thermistors and converting the data to temperature data, a microprocessor, a storage device such as a hard disk, at least one input device such as a mouse, a display device, and at least one electro-mechanical switch or button. In one embodiment, the microprocessor is configured to send and receive signals from a laser source to enable the microprocessor to control the amount of laser energy delivered by the laser source. The laser source in various embodiments is a diode laser source. It should be appreciated that any appropriate laser source is contemplated by the control system disclosed herein. The microprocessor is also configured to receive signals from the thermistor controller representing temperatures detected in the tumor and the tissue adjacent to the tumor. In this embodiment, the storage device stores software which when executed by the microprocessor sends signals to the laser source based on the temperatures detected in the tumor or the tissue adjacent to the tumor. The at least one electro-mechanical switch or button enables an operator to also send a signal directly to the laser source to stop generating laser energy, or to deprive the laser source of electricity, thereby preventing it from generating laser energy (and thus effectively stopping treatment).

In one embodiment, the microprocessor and the storage device are part of a computer. In this embodiment, the at least one input device such as a mouse is connected to the computer, as is the display. The microprocessor is configured to execute software stored on the storage device to control and monitor interstitial laser therapy. In one embodiment, the software is configured to enable an operator to manage a patient database stored on the storage device. In this embodiment, the software is configured to prevent an operator from performing an interstitial laser treatment unless the patient on whom the treatment is to be performed is represented in the database.

The control system is also configured to enable an operator to provide a kit identifier, such as one or more of a series of control numbers, serial numbers, and lot numbers from an interstitial laser therapy kit. In one embodiment, the microprocessor is configured to determine whether the kit including a laser probe, a thermal probe, two probe holders, an optical fiber, and a kit identifier has already been used to perform interstitial laser therapy. In different embodiments, the microprocessor simply checks a database stored on the storage device to determine whether the kit identifier as entered has already been stored. If the kit has not been previously used, the control system enables the operator to perform interstitial laser therapy using the kit combined with an interstitial laser therapy apparatus and monitored and controlled by the control system.

In one embodiment, the microprocessor is configured to control an interstitial laser treatment by monitoring the temperature of the tumor and the tissue adjacent to the tumor and determining whether laser energy may be safely applied. The microprocessor in different embodiments also displays various reminders to the operator, such a reminder to turn on an infusion pump. In these embodiments, the microprocessor is configured to receive as input temperatures from the thermistor controller indicating temperatures detected in the tumor in the tissue adjacent to the tumor. In one embodiment, the temperatures detected by each thermistor are displayed by the display device in real time as a bar in a bar chart. In this embodiment, the control system enables the operator to visually monitor the relative temperatures of each thermistor simultaneously. In one embodiment, the operator ultimately decides based on the displayed temperature data whether to increase or decrease laser energy or saline flow. In this embodiment, the microprocessor sends a signal to the laser source if certain predetermined conditions are met to turn off the laser source.

In another embodiment, the microprocessor is configured to perform calculations about any changes in the amount of ablative laser energy or saline solution flow rate that should be applied to the tumor to result in successful ablation. In this embodiment, the microprocessor is configured to send signals to the laser source causing the laser source to provide more or less ablative laser energy, or to generate and display a message to the operator to manually alter the rate of saline infusion.

In different embodiments, the control system monitors an interstitial laser treatment to determine whether treatment is successful. In these embodiments, the control system includes a variable indicating number of non-functional thermistors that must detected to automatically stop treatment. If the thermistor controller indicates during treatment that the maximum number of non-functional thermistors value has been reached, the control system causes the laser source to stop generating laser energy.

In one embodiment, the control system determines that treatment is successful when the temperatures detected by all of the functional thermistors in tissue adjacent to the tumor have reached a certain, predetermined minimum successful treatment temperature. In different embodiments, the control system determines that treatment is successful when one or more but less than all the thermistors measuring temperatures in the tissue adjacent to the tumor detect a temperature in excess of the predetermined minimum successful treatment temperature.

It should be appreciated that after treatment has been terminated (i.e., the laser source is no longer applying laser energy to the tissue of interest), the control system in one embodiment continues to monitor tissue temperatures of tissue around or adjacent to the tissue of interest. This enables an operator to determine when the tissue has cooled enough to safely remove the probes from the tissue.

In one embodiment, if the temperature detected at the tip of the laser probe exceeds a certain predetermined maximum temperature, the control system causes a signal to be sent to the laser source to cause the laser source to cease generating laser energy. In one embodiment, the laser source only resumes applying laser energy after the operator selects a resume treatment button with the mouse or other input device.

In one embodiment, the control system enables an operator to select a pause treatment button using the mouse or other input device during interstitial laser treatment. Selecting the pause treatment button causes the control system to send a signal to the laser source to cause the laser source to stop generating laser energy. In different embodiments, after the control system pauses treatment, it enables an operator to select a resume treatment button with the mouse or other input device. When selected, the resume treatment button causes the control system to send a signal causing the laser source to continue applying laser energy to the tumor. It should be appreciated that in these embodiments, the control system continues to monitor temperatures of thermistors in the tumor and in tissue adjacent to the tumor.

In different embodiments, the control system also includes electro-mechanical buttons or switches that enable the operator to control application of laser energy by mechanically causing the control system to send signals to the laser source. In these embodiments, the signals are sent to the laser source regardless of whether the microprocessor is responsive to selections made with the mouse or other input device. It should be appreciated that the electro-mechanical buttons or switches redundantly enable the control system to prevent laser energy from being applied to the tumor during treatment. In one embodiment, the control system includes an electro-mechanical shutter switch, an electro-mechanical emergency shutoff button, and an electro-mechanical master power switch.

In one embodiment, the control system includes an electro-mechanical shutter switch mounted on an enclosure housing the electronic components of an interstitial laser therapy apparatus. In this embodiment, actuating the electro-mechanical shutter switch causes a signal to be sent to the laser source that causes the laser source to cease generating laser energy. In one embodiment, the signal causes the laser source to close a shutter over the laser beam that prevents laser energy from being transmitted through an optical fiber. It should be appreciated that in various embodiments, actuating the shutter switch does not turn the power of the laser source off—it merely causes a signal to be sent to the laser source that prevents a laser beam from being generated. In certain embodiments, actuating the electro-mechanical shutter switch also causes a signal to be sent to the microprocessor that causes the microprocessor to generate and display a message indicating that treatment has been paused. In this embodiment, actuating the electro-mechanical shutter switch functions identically to selecting the pause treatment button provided by the control system. In this embodiment, the control system continues monitoring and displaying the temperature detected at each thermistor of the laser and/or thermal probes. The control system also enables an operator to select a resume treatment button to resume treatment after the electro-mechanical shutter switch has been actuated.

The control system in one embodiment also includes an electro-mechanical emergency shutoff button. In one embodiment, the electro-mechanical emergency shutoff button is a red mushroom palm button prominently located and easily accessible on the enclosure of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus. Actuating the electro-mechanical emergency shutoff button causes a signal to be generated and sent to the laser source which turns off the power of the laser source. Actuating the electro-mechanical emergency shutoff button therefore enables the operator to guarantee that interstitial laser energy is no longer applied to the tissue of interest. In one embodiment, actuating the electro-mechanical emergency shutoff button does not cause the control system to send a signal to the microprocessor indicating that laser energy is no longer being applied to the tumor. However, in one embodiment, the microprocessor is configured to detect after a few seconds of the laser source being powered off that the laser source is no longer in communication with the microprocessor. When the microprocessor detects failed communication with the laser source, the control system generates and displays a message indicating that the laser source is unresponsive and that treatment has been paused. In one embodiment, the control system does not enable the operator to resume treatment after actuating the electro-mechanical emergency stop button.

The control system includes an electro-mechanical master power switch in one embodiment. Actuating the master power switch causes power to be turned off to all the components of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus. Since the power to the microprocessor is also turned off, actuating the electro-mechanical master power switch disables further tracking of the treatment by the control system. It should be appreciated that in different embodiments, the interstitial laser therapy apparatus includes an Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS). In these embodiments, actuating the electro-mechanical master power switch shuts off power to all components of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus immediately regardless of whether a UPS is present. In different embodiments, actuating the electro-mechanical master power switch does not immediately cause all the components of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus to turn off—rather, at least one component (i.e., the computer) continue receiving power from the UPS for a few seconds or a few minutes.

It should thus be appreciated that the control system enables an operator to initiate, perform, monitor, and record the results of an interstitial laser treatment. It should be further appreciated that the control system determines when treatment is successful, determines when treatment needs to be stopped for potential safety concerns, and enables an operator to stop treatment with certainty by actuating any one of one or more electro-mechanical switches or buttons.

It is therefore an advantage of the present disclosure to provide a control system that monitors interstitial laser treatment and determines whether to stop treatment based on temperatures indicated by thermistors in tissue around the tissue of interest. It is a further advantage of the present disclosure to provide a control system that enables an operator to monitor an interstitial laser treatment and stop the treatment if necessary.

Additional features and advantages of the present invention are described in, and will be apparent from, the following Detailed Description of Exemplary Embodiments and the figures.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a mammography unit, a stereotactic device, and an umbilical assembly of an interstitial laser therapy apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of one embodiment of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus disclosed herein, illustrating the electrical components of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus accessible to the operator and a wheeled cart for housing the electrical components.

FIG. 2A is a diagrammatic view of the thermistor controller.

FIG. 2B is a diagrammatic view of the laser source including the shutter of the laser source.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the disposable items which in one embodiment are coupled with the components of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus disclosed to perform interstitial laser therapy.

FIG. 3A is a perspective view of one embodiment of the laser probe included in the interstitial laser therapy kit disclosed herein.

FIG. 3B is a perspective view of one embodiment of the thermal probe included in the interstitial laser therapy kit disclosed herein.

FIG. 3C is a perspective view of one embodiment of the probe holder included in the interstitial laser therapy kit disclosed herein.

FIG. 3D is a perspective view of another embodiment of the probe holder included in the interstitial laser therapy kit disclosed herein.

FIG. 3E is a perspective view of another embodiment of the probe holder included in the interstitial laser therapy kit disclosed herein.

FIG. 3F is a perspective view of another embodiment of the probe holder included in the interstitial laser therapy kit disclosed herein.

FIG. 3G is a perspective view of another embodiment of the probe holder included in the interstitial laser therapy kit disclosed herein.

FIG. 3H is a perspective view of another embodiment of the probe holder included in the interstitial laser therapy kit disclosed herein.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the interstitial laser therapy kit disclosed, including a support structure on which the disposable items of the interstitial laser therapy kit are mounted.

FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of one embodiment of the items in the interstitial laser therapy kit(s) disclosed herein positioned for use in conjunction with the mammography unit, the stereotactic device, and the interstitial laser therapy apparatus disclosed herein.

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view of one embodiment of the infusion pump of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus and the disposable syringe and syringe tube of the interstitial laser therapy kit(s) disclosed herein.

FIG. 7 is a screen shot of an example home screen window for performing interstitial laser therapy displayed by a Graphical User Interface (GUI) generated by an interstitial laser therapy control system.

FIG. 8 is a screen shot of an example patient management screen which enables the operator to add, edit, or delete patient information according to the methods disclosed herein, displayed by the control system.

FIG. 9 is a screen shot of an example system test screen displayed by the control system, which indicates that the interstitial laser therapy kit being used to perform an interstitial laser treatment is valid, and which indicates that the laser probe, the thermal probe, and the laser source are functioning properly.

FIG. 10 is a screen shot of an example configure regimen screen displayed by the control system which illustrates the configurable parameters that the control system enables the operator to change prior to each interstitial laser treatment.

FIG. 11 is a screen shot of an example pre-treatment checklist screen displayed by the control system, which illustrates that the operator has performed all the pre-treatment activities required to perform an interstitial laser treatment.

FIG. 12 is a screen shot of an example interstitial laser treatment screen displayed by the control system which illustrates that the thermistors inserted in the tumor mass or in tissue adjacent to the tumor mass must detect a temperature near the temperature of the human body before the control system enables the operator to begin interstitial laser treatment.

FIG. 13 is a screen shot of an example interstitial laser treatment screen displayed by the control system, which illustrates that at least one of the thermal probe thermistors is nearing the maximum allowed thermal probe temperature and that the laser probe thermistor is detecting optimum interstitial laser treatment temperatures.

FIG. 14 is a screen shot of an example interstitial laser treatment screen displayed by the control system, which illustrates that each of the thermistors in the thermal probe has exceeded the predefined thermal probe maximum temperature, and that the interstitial laser treatment is complete.

FIG. 15 is a screen shot of an example interstitial laser treatment screen displayed by the control system, which illustrates that one of the thermal probe thermistors has exceeded the predefined thermal probe maximum temperature, and that the interstitial laser therapy control system has disabled the laser source.

FIG. 16 is a screen shot of an example interstitial laser treatment screen displayed by the control system, which illustrates that at the completion of an interstitial laser treatment, the interstitial laser therapy control system enables the operator to enter comments about the treatment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Interstitial Laser Therapy Apparatus

Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1, one embodiment of a platform for the disclosed interstitial laser therapy apparatus and the interstitial laser therapy kit is shown. As illustrated in FIG. 1, an imaging device or unit such as a conventional rotatable or positionable digital mammography device or unit 12 provides a platform for the interstitial laser therapy apparatus. The mammography unit 12 includes a suitable stereotactic device or unit 14. It should be appreciated that the imaging device or unit may be any suitable device or unit including but not limited to x-ray, ultrasound, or magnetic resource imaging devices. It should also be appreciated that the stereotactic device or unit 14 may be any suitable device or unit. The illustrated stereotactic device 14 includes conventional aligned extendable probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b, suitably attached at the bottom of the stereotactic device 14. The illustrated stereotactic device 14 includes a compression plate 18 suitably attached at the bottom of the stereotactic device 14 below the upper and lower probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b. For ease of illustration, FIG. 1 shows a saline bag instead of a body part (such as a breast) containing the tumor which would be treated using the interstitial laser therapy apparatus.

It should also be appreciated that a conventional treatment bed or platform (not shown) may be positioned relative to the imaging unit 12 to enable interstitial laser therapy to be performed while a patient is lying on the treatment platform. The use of the treatment bed or platform with the imaging unit 12 enables interstitial laser therapy to be performed and, if necessary, adjunctive therapy to be performed in the same treatment room without transferring the patient to a new bed or platform.

FIG. 1 also illustrates an umbilical cable 22 and a connector box 24 (referred to together as the umbilical assembly) of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus. In one embodiment, the umbilical cable 22 is formed of two separate cables enshrouded in protective conduit. The two cables in this embodiment are a thermistor wires cable and an optical fiber. In various embodiments, the umbilical cable 22 includes a replaceable umbilical optical fiber (not shown) which is configured to be removable from the umbilical cable 22 and replaceable in the event the umbilical optical fiber is damaged or otherwise rendered unusable. In different embodiments, the optical fiber in the umbilical cable 22 is not configured to be removable from the umbilical cable 22. The umbilical cable is attachable to the connector box 24, and as illustrated in FIG. 1 the umbilical cable 22 is attached to the connector box 24 prior to performing an interstitial laser treatment.

In the illustrated embodiment, the connector box 24 has three connectors 26, 28, and 30. In this embodiment, connector 26 is a connector including a socket for a plug on a wire attached to one or more thermistors of a thermal probe, connector 28 is a socket for a plug on a wire attached to one or more thermistors of a laser probe, and optical connector 30 is a connector for attaching an optical fiber. In one embodiment, the optical connector 30 includes a screw-on metallic cap that covers the optical connector 30 whenever the interstitial laser therapy apparatus is not in use to prevent the accidental emission of laser energy. In different embodiments, the screw-on cap protects the optical fiber, as any amount of dust, dirt, or scratching damages the optical fiber beyond use. In different embodiments, the connectors 26 and 28 are configured to enable the thermistors of the laser probe 100 and the thermal probe 102 to transmit electrical signals to the umbilical cable 22, and the connector 30 enables the laser energy to be transmitted from the umbilical cable 22 to the optical fiber 116.

The conduit enshrouding the umbilical cable 22 includes a connector (not shown) that attaches to an umbilical bracket (not shown) on a housing containing the electrical and optical components of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus. Thus, the umbilical assembly provides electrical and optical connections between the components of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus and the platform for performing interstitial laser therapy. The umbilical assembly is reusable, and enables the electrical and optical components to be placed a desired distance away from the platform for the interstitial laser therapy apparatus and still send and receive the necessary electrical and optical signals as discussed below.

Referring now to FIG. 2, the interstitial laser therapy apparatus disclosed in one embodiment includes various electrical components housed in a cart 20. In other embodiments, the components of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus are housed in shelves, cabinets, or other appropriate housing structures. It should be appreciated that the components need not be separate physical components. In one embodiment, the below-described components are housed in a single enclosure, thus forming a single component with all the necessary input and output ports contained on the single enclosure.

In one example embodiment, the wheeled cart 20 of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus houses the following electrical or electro-mechanical components:

-   -   (a) thermistor controller and associated hardware (not shown);     -   (b) diode laser source 108 capable of producing 1-8 watts with         nominal wavelength of 805 nanometers;     -   (c) computer 110 running WINDOWS XP™ operating system with         Service Pack 2 or better, including microprocessor (not shown),         memory device (not shown), monitor 112, keyboard 208, and mouse         206;     -   (d) power distribution unit (not shown) with operator-accessible         master power switch 200;     -   (e) uninterruptible power supply (UPS) (not shown); and     -   (f) isolation transformer (not shown).

In one embodiment, the thermistor controller (as generally shown in FIG. 2A) and associated hardware receives a signal from the thermistors positioned within the tumor being treated or in tissue adjacent to the treated tissue. In different embodiments, the thermistor controller, the computer 110, the keyboard 208, the mouse 206, and the display 112 comprise a control system for controlling application of interstitial laser energy and monitoring an interstitial laser treatment. The thermistor controller converts data received from one or more thermistors (which typically indicates a resistance in the thermistor that varies as the temperature of the thermistor changes) into one or more numbers indicating the temperature detected by the thermistor. The thermistor controller sends the converted temperature data to the computer 110 for processing, as discussed below. In different embodiments, the thermistor controller is configured to receive readings from multiple thermistors simultaneously. In one embodiment, the thermistor controller is configured to receive resistance data from six thermistors and convert the resistance data to temperature data. In this embodiment, the thermistor controller sends data to the microprocessor as a set of thermistor temperature data. That is, the thermistor controller communicates the temperature data to the microprocessor as sets of data about the thermistors in the probes. In different embodiments, the thermistor temperature data set includes one or more thermistor temperatures and an indication that one or more thermistors is not functioning properly. Thus, the data contained in the thermistor temperature data set enables the microprocessor to determine the temperatures detected by the thermistors as well as whether the thermistors are functioning properly.

In one embodiment, the laser source 108 includes a compact, computer-controlled diode laser source which is coupled to an optical fiber delivery system. The laser source 108 in one embodiment is a diode laser source that delivers 805 nm light radiation. In one embodiment, the laser 108 is classified as a Class IV medical laser as described in 21 C.F.R. § 1040.10(b)(11) by the U.S. Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH). Therefore, the apparatus disclosed includes a laser source 108 with software-limited power of 8 watts continuous wave (CW). Further, the apparatus in one embodiment includes a protective case which prevents unintended human exposure to laser radiation above Class I limits, a safety shutter (as generally shown in FIG. 2B) that prevents laser energy from exiting the instrument except during operation, and appropriate warning labels. In one embodiment, the shutter covers the optical emission point of the laser energy such that when the shutter is closed, laser energy cannot be emitted even if the laser source 108 is powered on. In this embodiment, when the shutter is opened, the laser source 108 emits laser energy. In different embodiments, the laser source 108 is configured to send one or more signals to a microprocessor to communicate the status of the laser source. In one embodiment, the laser source sends messages indicating whether it is emitting laser energy and whether the shutter is open or closed. In different embodiments, the laser source also sends a signal indicating the amount of energy being emitted. The laser source 108 in different embodiments is also configured to respond to one or more signals sent by a microprocessor, such as heartbeat signals, signals requesting the laser source 108 to close the shutter, or signals requesting that the laser source 108 change the amount of laser energy being emitted. It should be appreciated that in different embodiments, laser sources that are not diode laser sources with the above specifications can be used to perform interstitial laser treatment. For example, a YAG laser source may be used to provide interstitial laser energy. For convenience, the any suitable laser source for performing interstitial laser therapy will be referred to throughout this application as a “laser source.”

In one embodiment, the apparatus disclosed includes software installed on at least one memory device in and executed by a microprocessor of the computer 110 that is configured to receive information from the thermistor controller indicating the temperature detected by each thermistor monitored by the thermistor controller. The software in this embodiment is configured to cause the microprocessor to prevent the laser source 108 from generating laser energy (i.e., it does not send the laser source 108 the necessary signal to begin generating laser energy) until all thermistors monitored by the thermistor controller detect a resistance indicating a temperature at or near body temperature (e.g. approximately 35° C.). If the thermistor controller does not communicate with the computer 110 that each of the thermistors detects a temperature near body temperature, the microprocessor is configured not to send the appropriate signal to the laser source 108 to begin generating laser energy.

The computer 110 also includes software configured to generate and display a Graphical User Interface (GUI) on monitor 112 to enable an operator to manage patients, monitor interstitial laser treatments, and manually control the amount of laser energy applied to the tumor using the mouse 206 and keyboard 208. The software installed on the computer 110 is also included in the interstitial laser therapy control system, and is configured to monitor the temperatures detected at one or more thermistors based on the signals received from the thermistor controller and to instruct the laser source 108 to apply the appropriate amount of laser energy to perform interstitial laser treatment.

In one embodiment, the cart 20 houses a UPS that is configured to provides battery backup to the laser source 108, the computer 110, and the thermistor controller in case the power in the hospital or other facility in which the treatment is being performed goes out. Therefore, neither a power failure in the hospital or other facility in which the cart 20 is located, nor accidentally unplugging the cart 20 from a wall socket causes power to immediately cease to the various components contained in the cart 20.

The interstitial laser therapy apparatus also includes three electro-mechanical switches or buttons configured to enable direct control of the laser source 108, and which also make up the control system. The first electro-mechanical switch in one embodiment is an on/off key switch 210 on the front of the laser case. The second electro-mechanical switch is a yellow shutter switch 202 in the middle of the console that is configured to turn the laser beam off by engaging the internal laser shutter of the laser source 108 when actuated. The third electro-mechanical switch is a red emergency stop switch 204 that is configured to cut off power to the laser source 108 by preventing electricity from flowing to the laser source 108 when actuated. In one embodiment, each switch is labeled to indicate the function performed by actuating the switch.

In different embodiments, the components included in the cart 20 are labeled where appropriate to indicate the functionality of the component and/or any dangerous conditions or warnings associated with the component.

Table 1 below indicates the physical and technical specifications of one embodiment of the cart 20 and the various components housed in the cart that comprise the interstitial laser therapy apparatus.

TABLE 1 Laser Specifications Laser Type Diode Laser Laser Class Class 4 Max Power Output 8 W Wavelength 805 nm ± 15 nm Mode of Operation Continuous wave Optical Output Multimode Calibration Internal, automatic, ±20% Electrical Specifications Power Source 120 V~12 A 60 Hz Nominal Voltage 120-240 V AC Nominal Frequency 50-60 Hz Nominal Current 12 A max Electrical shock protection Metal case-grounded Class I Equipment Protective grounding including hospital grade plug and outlet Patient Connection Type BF patient-connected laser and thermal probe 102s. Dimensions, etc. Height 51 in Depth 32 in Width 24 in Weight (est.) 250 lbs (with cart 20) Power cord length 12 ft Ordinary Protection Not protected against ingress of moisture. Operating Environment 10°-40° C., 0-80% RH, decreasing linearly to 50% RH at 40° C. Altitude Sea level to 2,000 meters. Probe Type Disposable, single use probes

In the embodiment of the cart 20 illustrated in FIG. 2, the master power switch 200, laser source 108, and computer 110 are visible. In this embodiment, the master power switch 200 is configured to control the flow of electricity to all the components housed in the cart 20. Activation of the master power switch 200 enables an operator to cut off power to the components in the cart 20 despite an included UPS, thus cutting off power to the interstitial laser therapy apparatus. The laser source 108 includes a laser power key switch 210 which is configured to be actuated by turning a key. By requiring a key to enable the laser source 108, the apparatus is configured to enable the operator to maintain a great deal of control over when and whether the laser is activated. In an embodiment, when the laser source 108 is “on” (i.e., power is being supplied to the laser source 108), the laser “on” light 218 is illuminated. Similarly, when the computer 110 is “on,” a computer “on” light (not shown) is illuminated. In the illustrated embodiment, the cart 20 is configured to prevent the operator from accessing the computer 110 by including a key lock 220 that ensures that the cover of the computer 110 remains closed. In this embodiment, the key lock 220 ensures that no unauthorized hardware modifications are made to the computer 110.

Interstitial Laser Therapy Kit

Referring now to FIG. 3, an example of the disposable items which are configured to be coupled with the interstitial laser therapy apparatus to perform interstitial laser energy treatments is illustrated. The disposable items include the following:

-   -   (i) one laser probe 100;     -   (ii) one thermal probe 102;     -   (iii) one optical fiber 116;     -   (iv) two probe holders 50 and 52     -   (v) one 60 cc saline syringe 118;     -   (vi) one saline tube 114;     -   (vii) one hemostasis valve 104 to which the laser probe 100, the         optical fiber 116, and the saline tube 114 connect; and     -   (viii) one container (not shown), in which the above items are         positioned.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 3A, in different embodiments, the laser probe 100 is constructed from hollow 14 gauge 304 stainless steel and includes a cannula 100 a and a stylet 100 b. In some such embodiments, the cannula 100 a is a trocar, which enables an operator to pierce a patient's skin using the tip of the cannula. The laser probe also includes a thermistor T_(L) 100 e located on the tip of the laser probe 100, mounted externally to the cannula 100 a. It should be appreciated that in different embodiments, the laser probe 100 does not include a thermistor T_(L), or includes a thermistor T_(L) 100 e which is not mounted externally to the cannula 100 a. In various embodiments in which the laser probe 100 includes a thermistor T_(L), the laser probe 100 includes a laser probe wire 100 c that connects the thermistor to the laser probe connector 100 d. The probe is configured to be insertable through at least one laser probe channel in each probe holder 50 and 52. Moreover, the hollow cannula 100 a is configured so that when the stylet 100 b is removed from the cannula 100 a, the optical fiber 116 and a quantity of saline solution are insertable in the cannula 100 a. The laser probe thermistor wire 100 c is configured to communicate a signal indicating the resistance detected by the laser probe thermistor to the thermistor controller contained in cart 20. Laser probe connector 100 d is configured to be insertable in laser probe connector socket 28 on connector box 24 to connect the laser probe thermistor wire 100 c to the thermistor controller. It should be appreciated that in different embodiments, the laser probe includes a cannula without a trocar which is configured to receive the stylet. In these embodiments, the operator makes an incision with a scalpel or other appropriate cutting tool such that the laser probe 100 is insertable in the tumor mass. Alternatively, if the operator performs a biopsy prior to inserting the laser probe 100 as discussed below, a cannula without a stylet (not shown) is insertable in the cavity left by the biopsy. In still other embodiments, the laser probe 100 does not include the stylet 100 b. In such embodiments, the operator performs a biopsy prior to inserting the laser probe 100 as discussed below; thus, the stylet is not necessary to pierce the skin and enable the laser probe 100 to be inserted.

In one embodiment, illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 3B, the thermal probe 102 is constructed of solid 14 gauge 304 stainless steel and includes five internal thermistors 102 d (referred to in one embodiment as T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄, and T₅, where T₁ is closest to the tip of the probe) that detect resistances at various locations along the length of the thermal probe 102. The thermal probe 102 is configured to include a thermal probe thermistor wire 102 a and a thermal probe connector 102 b to enable an operator to connect the thermal probe 102 to the thermal probe connector socket 26 on the connector box 24 such that resistances detected by the one or more thermistors 102 d of the thermal probe 102 are communicated to the thermistor controller. In different embodiments, the thermal probe wire includes more than one thermistor wire such that a single thermal probe wire is configured to transmit resistances detected by each of a plurality of thermistors. In an embodiment illustrated by FIG. 3B, the thermal probe 102 includes a series of spaced-apart marks 102 c that enable the operator to properly position the thermal probe 102 with respect to the laser probe 100, as discussed below.

Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 3C, the probe holders 50 and 52 in one embodiment are configured to be rotatably inserted in the probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b. In one embodiment, each probe holder 50 and 52 includes an integrated bushing 50 a or 52 a which is rotatably insertable in a hole in each of the probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b. In a different embodiment, the bushing is not integrated with the probe holder 50 or 52. In either embodiment, the bushing 50 a or 52 a includes a channel 50 b or 52 b into which that the laser probe 100 is insertable such that the bushing, the channel in the bushing, the hole in the probe holder attachments, and the laser probe 100 are co-axial when the probe holder 50 and 52 has been rotatably inserted into the probe holder attachment 16 a or 16 b. Probe holders 50 and 52 each further include thermal probe channels 50 c and 52 c to enable the operator to insert the thermal probe 102 at a known distance from the laser probe 100. In one embodiment, the spaced-apart marks 102 c of the thermal probe 102 enable the operator to position the thermal probe 102 at a desired depth in the probe holders 50 and 52 with respect to the laser probe 100.

In an alternative embodiment, illustrated in FIGS. 3D, 3E, and 3F, the probe holders 50 and 52 include two channels 50 b or 52 b that have the same diameter and are co-axial. The channels are separated by a space between the channels 54, into which the probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b are inserted. The probe holders 50 and 52 are alignable with the probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b such that a hole in the probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b with the same diameter as the channels 50 b and 52 b is coaxial with the channels. The laser probe 100 is insertable through the channels such that the laser probe passes through the channels and through the hole in the probe holder attachment 16 a or 16 b. In this embodiment, the probe holder 50 or 52 pivots about the axis shared by the channels 50 a and 50 b, the hole in the probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b, and the laser probe 100. In the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 3D, 3E, and 3F, the probe holders 50 and 52 still include a plurality of thermal probe channels 50 c and 52 c to enable the operator to position the thermal probe 102 at a known distance from the laser probe 100. In different embodiments, the probe holders 50 and 52 include two or more thermal probe channels 50 c and 52 c, and the probe holder channels 50 c and 52 c are evenly or unevenly spaced.

In one embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 3G, the probe holders 50 and 52 include laser probe channels 50 b and 52 b and a plurality of thermal probe channels 50 c and 52 c. The probe holders 50 and 52 each also include a space in the laser probe channel 50 b and 52 b into which the probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b are insertable. In this embodiment, the probe holders also include a connecting member 56 for connecting the probe holder 50 to the probe holder 52. It should be appreciated that in different embodiments the connecting member 56 is replaceable, to enable the probes 50 and 52 to be connected at different distances from each other, depending on the distance between the probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b.

It should be appreciated that a further alternative embodiment, the interstitial laser therapy kit disclosed herein includes a single probe holder 50, as illustrated by FIG. 3H. In this embodiment, the probe holder 50 includes a laser probe channel 50 b and a plurality of thermal probe channels 50 c. Further, the laser probe channel 50 b includes two spaces 54 into which the probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b are insertable. In this embodiment, the probe holder 50 is configured to be connectable with two probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b, despite only being a single probe holder 50. In different embodiments, the single probe holder 50 includes a single space 54 and is configured to be connectable only to one of the probe holder attachments 16 a or 16 b.

Referring to FIG. 3, the optical fiber 116 in one embodiment includes a connector 116 a that enables an operator to connect the optical fiber 116 to the optical fiber connector 30 on connector box 24. In one embodiment, the optical fiber 116 also includes a connector cover 116 b that prevents the optical fiber 116 from becoming scratched and/or dirty when it is not connected to the connector box 24. It should be appreciated that because of the fragile nature of the optical fiber 116, the operator should inspect the optical fiber 116 prior to each interstitial laser treatment to ensure that the optical fiber 116 is in good condition and that there are no kinks or tears (a kink is defined as any bend that has a defined or obvious inflection point). The operator should also inspect the optical fiber connector 116 a at the end of the optical fiber 116 for wear, damage, dirt, or other material or conditions which may obstruct the transmission of laser energy.

In one embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 3, the syringe 118 is a 60 cc syringe capable of dispensing saline solution, as discussed below. The syringe 118 includes a connector 118 a that is threadably connectable with one end of the saline tube 114. The syringe 118 also includes a plunger 118 b. The saline tube 114 includes two ends, one end of which is threadably connectable with the syringe 118, and the other end of which is threadably connectable with a port 104 b of the hemostasis valve.

In an embodiment of the hemostasis valve illustrated in FIG. 3, the hemostasis valve is a y-shaped connector with three ports 104 a, 104 b, and 104 c. Port 104 a is configured to be connectable to the laser probe 100 such that when connected, the hemostasis valve 104 and the laser probe 100 share the same axis. Port 104 b is configured to be connectable with an end of the saline tube 114. Port 104 c is configured to accept the optical fiber 116 to enable the optical fiber 116 to be inserted in the hemostasis valve 104 and into the laser probe 100. In an embodiment, ports 104 a and 104 b for connection to the laser probe 100 and the saline tube 114, respectively, include connectors for threadably connecting the saline tube 114 to the hemostasis valve 104 and the hemostasis valve 104 to the laser probe 100. In one such embodiment, these connectors are configured to be hand-tightened by an operator prior to an interstitial laser treatment. In different embodiments, the hemostasis valve and the saline tube in different embodiments are constructed of an appropriate polymer suitable for transferring saline solution into a patient's body.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example layout of items contained in one embodiment of the interstitial laser therapy kit 300 as disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the interstitial laser therapy kit includes a laser probe 100, a thermal probe 102, an optical fiber 116, and two probe holders 50 and 52. In the illustrated embodiment, the interstitial laser therapy kit 300 also includes a rigid support structure 400 on which the laser probe 100, the thermal probe 102, the optical fiber 116, and the probe holders 50 and 52 are mounted as illustrated. In different embodiments, this support structure 400 may be constructed of plastic, cardboard, metal, or any other suitably rigid backing material.

In different embodiments, the items in the kit may include one or more sheaths 60 a, 60 b, and 60 c made of plastic or another suitable material to protect the items during transportation and before use to perform interstitial laser therapy. In the illustrated embodiment, the laser probe 100 is protected by a plastic sheath 60 a, the thermal probe is protected by a plastic sheath 60 b, and the optical fiber is protected by a plastic sheath 60 c. As further illustrated in FIG. 4, the probe holders 50 and 52 are contained in a plastic bag which is positioned on the support structure inside the container. It should be appreciated that in these embodiments, the support structure 400, the sheaths 60 a, 60 b, and 60 c, and the plastic bag 62 prevent the items in the kit 300 from being damaged during transport and prevent the items from moving while in the container. In different embodiments, one or more of the

The interstitial laser therapy kit 300 in various embodiments also includes a container (not shown). In one embodiment, the container includes a plastic bag, in which each of the above items illustrated in FIG. 4 is positioned before sterilization. In one such embodiment, the bag including the single-use items contained in the kit 300 and the support structure 400 is sterilized using known gamma radiation sterilization techniques. In different embodiments, the bag including the single-use items contained in the kit 300 is sterilized by chemical diffusion sterilization, such as ethylene oxide treatment, or by other suitable sterilization techniques. Once sterilized, the items in the kit 300 remain sterile until they are used to perform an interstitial laser treatment. The kit 300 in some embodiments is also marked so as to include kit identifiers such as a lot number, a serial number, and a control number of the kit 300. In different embodiments any suitable kit identifier may be included with the kit 300. As will be discussed below, this marking enables the microprocessor included in the computer 110 to track kits and ensure that certain items are not reused.

In alternative embodiments, the containers in which the items of the kit 300 are positioned are one of a latex bag, a plastic box, a metal box, or another container suitable to maintain the sterility of the items positioned within the container. In the above embodiments, the apparatus disclosed also includes instructions that instruct the operator to dispose of all the single-use items in the container when one of the items in the container is used to perform an interstitial laser treatment as disclosed herein. In alternative embodiments, these instructions are printed on the container in which the items in the kit 300 are positioned.

In alternative embodiments, two or more interstitial laser therapy kits of sterile, single-use items are required to successfully perform an interstitial laser treatment using the disclosed interstitial laser therapy apparatus. The first kit 300, illustrated in FIG. 4, includes a container in which the following sterile, single-use items are positioned:

-   -   (i) one laser probe 100;     -   (ii) one thermal probe 102;     -   (iii) two probe holders 50 and 52; and     -   (iv) one laser fiber 116.

The first kit preferably also includes one or more kit identifiers such as a lot number, a serial number, and/or a control number to uniquely identify the kit. In one embodiment, the numbers are printed directly on one or more of the items in the kit, including the container in which the single-use items are positioned. In a different embodiment, the kit identifiers are included within the kit by printing them on the support structure 400 or other suitable material.

The second kit includes at least one container in which one or more of the following sterile, single-use items are positioned:

-   -   (i) 1 vl Bupivacaine, 0.5% 50 mL (also known as marcaine);     -   (ii) 1 vl Lidocaine, 1% 10 ml;     -   (iii) 1 Syringe 1 cc TB 27×½ Safetyglide (initial injection of         lidocaine);     -   (iv) 1 Syringe 5 cc L/L (additional injection of lidocaine if         needed);     -   (v) 1 Syringe 20 cc F-L, green (marcaine);     -   (vi) 1 Syringe 60 cc F-L 118, white (saline);     -   (vii) 1 Needle 22×1½ regular beveled (additional injection of         lidocaine if needed);     -   (viii) 2 Needles 18×1½ Safetyglide (saline syringe, marcaine         injection);     -   (ix) 1 Saline tubing 114, 72″ Male/Female Luer;     -   (x) 1 bt Saline irrigation, 100 ml;     -   (xi) 1 Accessplus Large Bore Hemostasis valve 104;     -   (xii) 1 Scalpel, #11 blade;     -   (xiii) 4 Gauze 4×4 12-ply;     -   (xiv) 1 Towel, 17×19″, white;     -   (xv) 1 Biohazard bag, red 17×18; and     -   (xvi) 1 Twist tie.

In different embodiments, the second kit does not include kit identifiers, and the control system does not need to track the use of the single-use items in the second sterile kit. However, in the event a kit container is torn, opened, or the kit is of questionable sterility, the single-use nature of the kit enables the operator to discard the entire package and begin the interstitial laser treatment with another kit.

It should be appreciated that in different embodiments, the items in the interstitial laser therapy kit(s) are not disposable after a single use. In these embodiments, the operator returns the items in the kit(s) to the provider of the kit(s) to enable the items in the kit(s) to be re-sterilized and re-processed. In certain of these embodiments, the provider re-sterilizes the items, re-packages them in a container such as a non-resealable plastic bag, and provides a new unique kit identifier. It should be appreciated that regardless of whether the kit(s) are recyclable and/or reusable, the operator should not perform a second interstitial laser treatment without ensuring that the kits are properly sterilized and processed.

In one embodiment, in addition to the individual items contained in the kit(s) discussed above, the operator should have the following items available to ensure a successful interstitial laser treatment: (i) monitoring equipment for the patient's oxygen, blood pressure, and pulse; (ii) an oxygen cylinder or other oxygen supply; (iii) medication for resuscitation in case of cardiac failure; and (iv) a suction pump.

Performing Interstitial Laser Therapy Using the Apparatus and the Kit(s)

Referring now to FIG. 5, prior to performing an interstitial laser treatment, the operator obtains an unopened kit 300 as discussed above. In different embodiments, the operator obtains two or more different kits, each containing one or more of the sterilized items disclosed above. The operator also ensures that an interstitial laser therapy apparatus including the cart 20 and the umbilical assembly (including the umbilical cord 22 and the connector box 24) is available, and that a platform 12 including probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b for performing the interstitial laser treatment is also available. In one embodiment, the umbilical assembly enables the operator to perform interstitial laser treatments with electrical and optical components of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus located nearby. In one embodiment, the operator places the wheeled cart 20 near the platform 12 such that the connector box 24 can be placed on or attached to the platform 12 while the umbilical cable 22 remains attached to the cart 20. In one embodiment, the operator affixes the connector box 24 to a Velcro patch or other suitable connecting material included on the platform 12.

The keyboard 208 and the mouse 206 enable the operator to enter the kit identifier such as the control number, serial number, and lot number associated with the kit 300 of single-use items into the control system, executed by a microprocessor contained in the computer 110. Prior to connecting any of the items to the interstitial laser therapy apparatus, the control system informs the operator whether or not the kit 300 is acceptable to use with the interstitial laser therapy apparatus to perform treatments.

In one embodiment, umbilical cable 22 is connected to an umbilical bracket (not shown) on the cart 20 prior to performing treatments. In a further embodiment, a thermistor wires cable connector is aligned with its female receptacle mounted on the cart wall. When properly aligned, the female receptacle enables the outer casing of the cable connector to be turned clockwise to screw the umbilical cable 22 onto the cart receptacle and fasten the it to the cart 20. After the thermistor wires cable is adequately connected to the cart 20, the operator removes the cap from the male end of the fiber optic cable included in the umbilical cable 22 and inserts the cable into the female fiber optic receptacle, also mounted on the cart 20 wall. These connections enable the connector box 24 to send and receive necessary electrical signals and optical energy to and from the components contained in the cart 20.

In one embodiment, the optical connector 30 on the connector box 24 includes a protective metal cap (not shown) that must be removed to enable the apparatus to be used to perform interstitial laser treatments. Leaving the protective metal cap on the optical connector 30 enables the enables the end of the umbilical optical fiber (not shown) to be kept clean and free of scratches, and to protect against accidental laser light emission.

In one embodiment, the operator removes the laser probe 100, the thermal probe 102, the optical fiber 116, and the probe holders 50 and 52 from the support structure 400 of the kit 300 and the hemostasis valve 104, the syringe 118, the saline tube 114 from the second kit of disposable items. The operator in one embodiment rotatably inserts the integrated bushing 50 a and 52 a of each of the probe holders 50 and 52 into one a hole in one of the probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b. The operator then inserts the laser probe 100 into the holes 50 b and 52 b in the integrated bushings 50 a and 52 a or the probe holders 50 and 52 which enable such that the integrated bushing 50 a and 52 a, the holes in the probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b, and the laser probe are co-axially aligned. The operator selects a desired channel 50 c and 52 c in the probe holders 50 and 52 in which to insert the thermal probe 102 based on the desired distance of the thermal probe 102 from the laser probe 100. The operator inserts the thermal probe 102 into the channels in the probe holders 50, 52. In different embodiments, the operator additionally adjusts the relative positioning of the probes 100 and 102 using the spaced-apart marks 102 c that are included on the thermal probe 102 as a guide.

In different embodiments, the operator inserts the laser probe 100 into the tumor and the thermal probe 102 into the tissue adjacent to the tumor. The operator in one embodiment positions the patient with respect to the stereotactic imaging device 14 and inserts the laser probe 100 into the probe holders 50 and 52, through the probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b, and into the center of the tumor in a substantially continuous motion. In this embodiment, the stylet 100 b is positioned in the cannula 100 a while the laser probe 100 is inserted into the tumor. The operator then inserts the thermal probe 102 in channels in the probe holders 50 and 52 and into the tissue adjacent to the tumor at a desired distance from the center of the tumor, again in a substantially continuous motion.

In another embodiment, the operator first inserts the laser probe 100 into the probe holders 50 and 52 and through the probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b, but not immediately into the tumor. The operator similarly inserts the thermal probe 102 into the probe holders 50 and 52, but not into the tissue adjacent to the tumor. In this embodiment, the patient is positioned under the stereotactic imaging device 14 after the laser probe 100 and/or the thermal probe 102 are positioned in the probe holders 50 and 52. Once the patient is positioned with respect to the probes 100 and 102, the probes are inserted into the tumor and the tissue adjacent to the tumor such that the tip of the laser probe 100 is in the center of the tumor and the thermal probe 102 is a known distance away from the center of the tumor. It should be appreciated that in different embodiments, the operator inserts a biopsy needle in the probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b prior to rotatably inserting the probe holders 50 and 52. In these embodiments, inserting the biopsy needle first creates a hole in the tissue which enables the laser probe 100 to be inserted into the previously-created hole. In the various embodiments discussed above, when the patient is positioned with respect to the stereotactic imaging device 14, it should be appreciated that the compression plates 18 enable the tissue surrounding the tumor (i.e., the breast) to be placed under compression. Appropriate apparatus such as a compression plate 18 of the stereotactic imaging device 14 ensure the tissue remains substantially stationary during insertion of the probes 100 and 102, and during treatment.

In one embodiment, the operator connects the laser probe connector 100 d to the appropriate socket 28 in the connector box 24. The operator also connects the thermal probe connector 102 b to the appropriate socket 26 in the connector box 24. Once the appropriate connections between the probes, the umbilical assembly, and the cart have been made, the operator initiates the calibration and testing functionality of the software installed on the computer 110 to ensure that the thermistors included on the laser probe 100 and the thermal probe 102 are functioning properly. The details of the software calibration procedure are disclosed below.

Once the laser probe 100 has been properly positioned in the tumor, the operator removes the stylet 100 b from the cannula 100 a. So removing the stylet 100 b in one embodiment enables the operator to connect the hemostasis valve port 104 a directly to the cannula 100 a of the laser probe 100. The operator connects the hemostasis valve 104 to the laser probe 100 using the connector 104 a on the hemostasis valve 104. In one embodiment, the hemostasis valve 104 is threadably connectable to the laser probe 100, and the operator screws the connector 104 a onto the end of the laser probe 100 by hand until the connection is tight.

In one embodiment, the operator removes the cap from the optical connector 30 on the connector box 24 and the cap 116 b from the optical fiber 116. The operator threadably connects the optical fiber 116 to the optical connector 30 using the included connectors. In this embodiment, the operator leaves the protective cap (not shown) on the other end of the optical fiber. The operator then causes the microprocessor to initiate the laser calibration process to ensure the laser source and all the connected optical cables are functioning properly. In different embodiments, the calibration is performed before the optical fiber 116 is threadably connected to the optical connector 30.

In one embodiment, the operator removes the cap from the end of the optical fiber without the connector 116 a and inserts that end into the optical fiber port 104 c on the hemostasis valve 104. This enables the optical fiber to be positioned within the laser probe 100 such that the tip of the optical fiber 116 is at the center of the tumor. It should be appreciated that in some embodiments, the optical fiber 116 is not inserted in the laser probe 100 until after it has been connected to the optical connector 30 of the connector box 24. In different embodiments, the operator does not insert the optical fiber 116 in the laser probe 100 until after the laser source and all connected optical fibers have been calibrated.

Referring to FIGS. 3, 5, and 6, an infusion pump 106 of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus supplies a constant rate of a solution containing 0.9% sodium chloride (i.e., standard saline). In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, the infusion pump is the MEDFUSION™ 3500 infusion pump loaded with a 60 cc syringe 118. In one embodiment, the operator turns on the infusion pump 106 and specifies a delivery mode. The options for the specified delivery mode in one embodiment include volume/time, micrograms/hour, micrograms/minute, mg/hr, mg/minute, milliunits/hour, milliunits/minute, and/or units/hour. The operator inputs the type of syringe used into the infusion pump 106.

Using standard protocol, the operator in one embodiment prepares the syringe 118 by filling it with a 0.9% sodium chloride (i.e., standard saline) solution and attaching the saline tube 114 to the tip of the syringe 118 a. The operator lifts and swivels the barrel clamp 404 and squeezes the plunger release lever 406 on the syringe plunger driver 408. The operator then pulls gently to extend the plunger driver 408 as far as possible. The operator then loads the syringe 118 onto the pump 106, making sure the flange of the syringe barrel is pressed or rolled into the flange clip 410. Squeezing the plunger release lever 406 on the end of the syringe plunger driver 408, the operator slips the end of the syringe plunger 118 b into place. The operator then releases the lever 406 and makes sure that the syringe plunger 118 b is adequately secured to the plunger driver 408. If so, the operator lowers the barrel clamp 404 onto the barrel of the syringe 118. The operator should thread the tubing 114 through the tubing holders 414.

After the syringe 118 is properly loaded, the operator in one embodiment specifies the infusion rate of the infusion pump 106. This is done by entering the rate into the infusion pump 106 and confirming the rate by pressing the enter key.

In one embodiment, prior to using the infusion pump 106/syringe 118 combination, the operator primes the system. To prime the system, the operator presses and holds the BOLUS button 416 while observing for fluid movement at the patient end of the system (i.e., saline emerging from the other end of the saline tube). Once the operator observes this fluid movement, the system is primed. Priming the system removes the mechanical slack in the pump and syringe, and significantly reduces the start-up time of the interstitial laser treatment.

In one embodiment, once the system is primed, the operator connects the saline tube 114 to the appropriate port 104 b on the hemostasis valve. In this embodiment the saline tube 114 includes a connector threadably attachable to the hemostasis valve 104, so the operator hand-tightens the connector on the hemostasis valve 104. In one embodiment, after the saline tube 114 is connected to the hemostasis valve 104, the items contained in the kit 300 are appropriately configured with the stereotactic imaging device 14 and the interstitial laser therapy apparatus to enable interstitial laser treatment.

Indications for Treatment

In various embodiments, the interstitial laser therapy apparatus and kit(s) disclosed are intended to treat a benign fibroadenoma which is a tumor with a diameter of up to 2.0 cm; for performing general surgical procedures including incision, excision, and ablation of various soft tissues of interest; and for treating coagulative necrosis and performing interstitial laser coagulation of soft tissue.

In one embodiment, a prospective female patient detects a lump the her breast either by palpation or by mammography. In this embodiment, a physician makes a definitive diagnosis by ultrasound or by a stereotactic guided-needle core biopsy. If the lump is diagnosed as a fibroadenoma, the patient and/or the physician may elect to keep the lump under surveillance. However, if the lump does not begin to decrease in size or if it starts to become larger after an amount of time, or if the patient particularly desires that the lump be removed for fear of malignancy or for cosmetic reasons, the interstitial laser therapy apparatus and kit(s) enable minimally invasive, effective treatment of the fibroadenoma.

In various embodiments, patients are selected based in part on the following inclusion criteria: (i) the patients are females age 15 and older; (ii) the breast tumors are detected by physical examination or by imaging techniques such as mammogram or ultrasound (the tumor should be well defined on a mammogram or ultrasound prior to resorting to interstitial laser therapy); (iii) the physician makes a definitive histological diagnosis of that the treated tissue is benign (i.e., the tumor is diagnosed as a fibroadenoma); (iv) the tumor does not exceed 2.0 cm in diameter and is located at least 0.5 cm from the skin; and (v) the patient has a single or multiple fibroadenomas.

The following exclusion criteria can be applied to determine that a patient should not undergo interstitial laser treatment: (i) the patient is pregnant or lactating; (ii) the patient has been diagnosed with uncorrectable coagulopathy; (iii) the tumor or tissue cannot be clearly visualized by mammography or ultrasound; (iv) the tumor or tissue has equivocal histology (i.e., cystosarcoma, phylloides, atypia, or in-situ carcinoma); (v) the patient has significant concomitant diseases that could interfere with data analysis; and (vi) the patient has been diagnosed with physical or psychological disorders within the past five years that may be life-threatening.

The Interstitial Laser Therapy Control System

In one embodiment, an interstitial laser therapy control system for controlling and monitoring an interstitial laser treatment includes the microprocessor included in computer 110 which is operable to execute instructions stored on a memory device such as a hard disk connected to the computer 110. In this embodiment, the microprocessor is configured to enable the operator to manage patient records in a patient database stored on a hard disk or other memory device connected to the computer 110. The microprocessor is configured to operate with the thermistor controller to receive data indicating temperatures detected by the thermistors of the thermal probe and thermistors of laser probe. In different embodiments, the microprocessor is also configured to receive data from the thermistor controller indicating whether each thermistor on the laser probe and each thermistor on the thermal probe is functioning properly. The microprocessor monitors, displays, stores, and makes determinations based on the temperatures detected by the thermistors, as discussed in more detail below. The microprocessor is further configured to communicate with the laser source to control the amount of interstitial laser energy applied to the tumor. In some embodiments, to be discussed in more detail below, the microprocessor is configured send and receive signals from the laser source, which enables the microprocessor to make determinations to more accurately control an interstitial laser treatment.

The control system also includes various input devices such as a keyboard 208 and a mouse 206, and at least one display 112 for enabling an operator to input commands and data and to visually monitor the progress of an interstitial laser treatment. In different embodiments, the control system further includes a touch screen controller configured to be operable with the display 112 to enable an operator to provide input to the control system by touching the display 112.

In some embodiments, the control system includes at least three electro-mechanical buttons or switches, including a master power switch, a shutter switch, and an emergency shutoff switch. These electro-mechanical switches enable an operator to quickly and certainly stop the application of laser energy to tissue during interstitial laser treatment without regard for whether the microprocessor is responsive or functional.

Initiating the Hardware and Starting the Control System

Referring to FIG. 2, in one embodiment, the interstitial laser therapy apparatus includes a master power switch 200 and a backlit LED that glows red when the electrical and optical components of the interstitial laser therapy apparatus are receiving power. The backlit LED enables the operator to verify that the that the master power switch 200 is actuated by visually inspecting whether it is in the “on” position and whether the backlit indicator is glowing. In different embodiment, the master power switch 200 must be actuated and the backlit LED must be glowing prior to performing an interstitial laser treatment. In one embodiment, the electro-mechanical master power switch 200 is included in the control system and enables the operator to quickly and certainly prevent electricity from flowing to the electrical components. In this embodiment, actuating the master power switch 200 causes all the components included in the interstitial laser therapy apparatus to shut down, despite the presence of a UPS. In different embodiments, the UPS included in the interstitial laser therapy apparatus prevents the electrical components from shutting down in the event power in the procedure room is lost. In these embodiments, actuating the master power switch 200 similarly does not enable the operator to immediately prevent laser energy from being provided to the tumor, even if the operator actuates it to the “off” position.

After the master power switch 200 has been actuated such that it is in the “on” position, the computer power switch (not shown) enables the operator to turn on the computer 100. In one embodiment, to access the computer power switch the operator inserts the appropriate key into the lock 220, turns the key clockwise, and pulls. Actuating the computer power switch causes the microprocessor of the computer 110 to load an operating system, which in one embodiment is WINDOWS XP™ with at least Service Pack 2 installed. In this embodiment, the microprocessor operates with the keyboard to enable the operator to log into the computer 110 using a dedicated account created for use by physicians and physicians' assistants. In other embodiments, different user accounts exist to enable, for example, administrator or technical support personnel access.

Updating the Patient Database

FIG. 7 illustrates a screen shot of an example GUI generated and caused to be displayed by the control system. It should be appreciated that with respect to the GUI provided by the interstitial laser therapy control system, the term “select” refers to selecting an item displayed by the control system using the mouse 206, the keyboard 208, or another suitable input device such as a touch screen. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, when the operator has successfully logged in to the operating system of the computer 110, the control system generates Home Screen 500, which enables the operator to perform a plurality of tasks. In one embodiment, the Home Screen 500 enables the operator to select a Start Treatment button 502 to begin interstitial laser treatment, and enables the operator to select a Manage Patient Records button 504 to manage the records in the patient database stored one or more storage devices on computer 110.

In one embodiment, a patient must be included in the patient database for the control system to enable the operator to initiate an interstitial laser treatment. Thus, in one embodiment, selecting the Manage Patient Records button causes the control system to generate a Patient Management Screen 600, as illustrated in FIG. 8. The Patient Management Screen 600 enables the operator to enter details about an existing patient in a plurality of editable fields (e.g. Ref Phys Patient ID 602, First Name 604, Address 1 606, or City 608) by selecting the appropriate row from a list of patients 610 managed by the control system. In one embodiment, the control system limits the data that can be entered to the types and number of characters for each of the data field as provided in Table 2 below, with certain data fields being required as indicated to create a valid patient record.

TABLE 2 Field Name Valid Input Length Required Ref Phys Patient ID All Characters 50 Maximum Yes Operator Patient ID Numbers  6 Maximum Yes First Name All Characters 50 Maximum Yes Last Name All Characters 50 Maximum Yes Address 1 All Characters 50 Maximum Yes Address 2 All Characters 50 Maximum No City All Characters 50 Maximum Yes State All Characters 50 Maximum Yes Zip Code Numbers 5 or 9 Yes Date of Birth Numbers (mmddyyyy) 8 Yes Social Security Numbers 9 Yes Number Hospital All Characters 50 Maximum No Phone Number Numbers 10 No Cell Phone Number Numbers 10 No Email Address Letters, Numbers, 50 Maximum No ‘.’, ’-’, ‘_’, ‘@’ Contact Person All Characters 50 Maximum No

In the embodiment illustrated in the Table 2, the control system requires an operator to populate a Referring Physician Patient ID field (labeled “Ref Phys Patient ID”). This field contains a physician-designated patient identifier. In one embodiment, the Referring Physician Patient ID field associates the patient with both the operator performing the interstitial laser treatment and the physician that referred the patient for treatment. In one embodiment, Operator Patient ID field stores a local patient identifier for each patient. In this embodiment, the Operator Patient ID includes two parts which together form a 6-digit number. The first portion of the Operator Patient ID indicates a three-digit location code indicating where the interstitial laser treatment occurred. The second portion of the Operator Patient ID identifies the patient by a unique patient identifier. It should be appreciated that in alternate embodiments, the control system accepts any suitable format of input for the Referring Physician Patient ID and Operator Patient ID fields sufficient to uniquely identify the patient according to the referring physician's record-keeping system and according to the operator's record-keeping system.

In one embodiment, the control system enables the operator to select an Undo button 612 to restore the data in a recently changed field to the data contained in that field at the time the database record was last stored. In this embodiment, selecting the Clear button 614 enables the operator to cancel all changes and reset the control system so as to display the Patient Management window 600 of the GUI. Selecting the Delete button 616 causes the control system to mark the patient record as inactive. When a record is marked as inactive, it is no longer visible in the GUI but remains stored in a database record maintained by the control system on a storage device in the personal computer. In this embodiment, patient data, once entered, is never lost.

Configuring the Control System and Calibrating the Hardware

After the interstitial laser therapy apparatus has been appropriately combined with the interstitial laser therapy kit as disclosed, and after a patient record about the patient to be treated has been created, the control system in one embodiment enables an operator to perform an interstitial laser treatment. The operator initiates the treatment sequence by selecting the Start Treatment button 502 on the GUI Home Screen 500, illustrated in FIG. 7. When the operator selects the Start Treatment button 502, the control system generates a signal which is sent to the laser source 108 to turn on the laser source 108, though the signal commands the laser source 108 to not initially emit laser energy. In one embodiment, a red LED 218 above the laser startup key glows to indicate that the laser source 108 has been turned on. It should be appreciated that in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the laser startup key 210 enables the control system to turn on the laser source 108—that is, the laser startup key 210 must be inserted and properly turned, and the red emergency stop button 204 on top of the cart 20 must be raised to its “on” position, for electricity to flow to the laser source 108.

The control system in one embodiment displays a screen that enables the operator to select a patient for treatment (not shown). In one embodiment, the control system provides the operator a list of patients having records stored in the database, and enables the operator to select one of the patients. In this embodiment, if the operator does not select a patient (i.e., the operator tries to perform an interstitial laser treatment on a patient not in the database), the control system prevents the operator from performing interstitial laser treatment.

As discussed above, in one embodiment each interstitial laser therapy kit 300 may be used only once. In one embodiment, each kit 300 includes at least one kit identifier including control numbers, serial numbers, and/or lot numbers printed on the plastic bag in which the single-use items are contained. To verify that the kit 300 being used is valid, the control system generates and displays a System Test window 700 as illustrated in FIG. 9. The System Test window enables the operator to enter the lot number 706, the serial number 708, and the control number 710 associated with the kit 300.

In one embodiment, after the operator has entered the appropriate information identifying the kit 300, the control system enables the operator to select a Test button 712. The control system then verifies that the kit 300 being used in conjunction with the interstitial laser therapy apparatus has not been used before. In different embodiments, if the microprocessor detects that the kit has already been used, the control system displays a popup window instructing the operator to dispose of the items in the kit 300. In one such embodiment, the microprocessor determines whether the kit identifier indicates a valid kit based on data stored on a memory device of the computer 110 about past used kit identifiers. In a different embodiment, the kit identifier is generated by an algorithm, and the microprocessor determines whether the kit identifier is valid by applying the algorithm in reverse to the provided kit identifier. In still another embodiment, the microprocessor is configured to communicate with a server (not shown) or another computer 110 by way of the Internet or other suitable network. In this embodiment, the microprocessor included in the computer 110 communicates the kit identifier entered to the server or other computer 110 by way of the Internet or other suitable network, and the server or other computer 110 determines whether the valid kit identifier has been previously used on the on the server or other computer 110. The server then communicates with the microprocessor to indicate whether the kit is valid. It should be appreciated that in this embodiment, the control system prevents multiple uses of an interstitial laser therapy kit in two different locations even though the algorithm discussed above may indicate that the kit identifier is valid in both locations.

Referring still to FIG. 9, in one embodiment, selecting the Test button 712 also causes the control system to begin internal testing and validation of the probes and laser. In one embodiment, internal testing and validation includes the following activities: (i) verifying that the physical connections between the thermistor controller the thermistors of both probes 100 and 102 are continuous and provide a good communication path; (ii) verifying that the thermistor of the laser probe 100 and each thermistor of the thermal probe 102 are functioning properly; and (iii) verifying that the laser source 108 is calibrated and functioning properly. In one embodiment, the seven status fields 716 and 718 (i.e., one status field for each of the six thermistors and one status field for the laser) indicate that the associated device is functioning properly. As displayed in System Test screen 700, the control system indicates that the Device Status is OK by displaying an appropriate message.

If the status field associated with any of the six thermistors 716 indicates that the thermistor failed validation, the control system in one embodiment indicates the failure by displaying an appropriate message. In one embodiment, the message additionally instructs the operator to verify that the probes are plugged in to the proper sockets 26 and 28 of the connector box 24 and that the connectors 100 d, 102 b are adequately tightened. In some embodiments, the control system instructs the operator to verify that the umbilical cable 22 is correctly connected to the cart 20. In one embodiment, the control system enables the operator to re-run the various status tests by re-selecting a Test button 712 displayed in the System Test window 700. This restarts internal testing and validation. If the control system is unable to suggest an action that successfully resolves the indicated failures, the control system in one embodiment instructs the operator to select the Faulty Kit button 714 in the System Test window, select a new interstitial laser therapy kit, and enter the new lot number 706, serial number 708, and control number 710. It should be appreciated that the data contained in the lot number field 706, the serial number field 708, and the control number field 710 represent one embodiment of the kit identifier included in the kit 300 as discussed above.

If the laser status field 718 does not indicate a value of OK, the control system in one embodiment instructs the operator to verify that the red LED 218 above the key on the front of the laser source 108 is illuminated, indicating the laser source 108 is powered on and that the red emergency shutoff button 204 on top of the cart 20 is in the “on” position. In one embodiment, the control system enables the operator to select the Test button 712 again to perform internal testing and validation. If the control system still unsuccessfully validates and calibrates the laser, the control system prevents the operator from using the interstitial laser therapy apparatus to perform an interstitial laser treatment.

In one embodiment, the control system enables the operator to cancel treatment at any time by selecting a Cancel button 704. If the operator selects the Cancel button 704 after the internal tests have started but before the treatment is begun, the control system enables the operator to indicate that the kit 300 is adequate for reuse. If the operator indicates the kit 300 is acceptable for reuse, the control system does not store a record that the kit identifiers associated with the kit have already been used, so future attempts to use the kit identifiers will be successful.

Referring to FIG. 10, once validation of the items in the kit is successful, the control system in one embodiment displays a Configure Regimen window 800 which enables the operator to change various parameters 802, 804, 806, 808, and 810 to be applied during the interstitial laser treatment. The definable parameters used in one embodiment by the control system to perform an interstitial laser treatment, a description of the parameter, the range of acceptable values, and a suggested default value are indicated in Table 3. It should be appreciated that the suggested default values included in Table 3 represent suggestions; in different embodiments operators choose values that are approximately equal to the suggested default values depending on the details of the treatment being performed.

TABLE 3 Valid Range Suggested Parameter Definition Of Values Default Value Laser Probe The Celsius temperature of the 0-110° C. Approximately Thermistor thermistor of the laser probe, 100° C. Max Temp which, if reached, automatically 802 terminates the treatment. Reaching this temperature is undesirable and does not imply successful treatment. Laser Probe The optimal treatment Celsius 0-100° C. Must be Approximately Thermistor temperature of the thermistor of less than or equal to 90° C. Setpoint the laser probe. Laser Probe Temp Thermistor Max Temp. 804 Laser Probe The minimum Celsius 0-100° C. Must be Approximately Thermistor temperature of the thermistor of less than or equal to 80° C. Min Temp the laser probe that insures Laser Probe 806 adequate heating of the tumor. Thermistor Setpoint Temp. Thermal The Celsius temperature that all 0-100° C. Must be Approximately Probe five thermistors of the thermal less than or equal to 60° C. Thermistor probe must reach to automatically Laser Probe Max Temp terminate treatment. Thermistor Setpoint 808 Reaching this temperature Temp. implies successful treatment. Starting The initial power setting of the 1-8 W. 4 W Laser laser, in watts. Power 810

In one embodiment, the control system uses additional system parameters defined by a system administrator and not modifiable by the operator. In one embodiment, a Thermal Probe Thermistor Warning Threshold parameter defines the temperature at which a bar indicating the temperature of a thermistor of the thermal probe 102 changes from a normal color to warning color (i.e., from green to yellow), as a percentage of Thermal Probe Thermistor Max Temperature. The Thermistor Treatment Ready parameter defines the minimum temperature that all thermistors must reach before the control system enables the operator to select a Start Treatment button. The Maximum Bad Thermal Probe Thermistor Limit parameter defines the maximum number of thermal probe thermistors that must be faulty before the control system automatically terminates treatment.

Referring to FIG. 11, after the operator has inputted the required default values, the control system ensures that the appropriate pre-treatment tasks have been performing by displaying a Pre-Treatment Checklist window 900. The control system enables the operator to place a check mark in a box 902 when each pre-treatment checklist item 904 has been completed. In one embodiment, the control system does enable the laser source 108 to emit laser energy until the operator has performed each pre-treatment checklist item 904 and placed a check mark in the corresponding box 902.

Prepare the Patient

Once the control system has indicated that the interstitial laser therapy apparatus and kit(s) are functioning properly, the operator measures and records the dimensions of the tumor using the patient's most recent diagnostic mammograms and ultrasound images. The operator determines the shortest skin-to-target route that provides optimal visualization of the tumor while avoiding any intervening vessels from the same mammograms and images. It should be appreciated that in different embodiments, blood vessels and/or other tissue features act as heat sinks. Thus, when a blood vessel is located near a tumor to be treated, the blood vessel in different embodiments transfers heat away from the tissue. In these embodiments, if the thermal probe is placed near the blood vessel, the temperatures detected by the thermistors in the thermal probe are inaccurate because the heat energy applied to the tumor is not all dissipating in the tissue adjacent to the tumor. Thus, in one embodiment, the shortest skin-to-target route should take into account the location of intervening vessels to enable accurate temperature readings.

Based on the determined points of entry, the patient in one embodiment is positioned on a stereotactic table and the breast to be treated is immobilized in the compression plates 18. The breast is immobilized such that the target tumor is in the center of the operating window of the compression plates 18. Once the patient is appropriately positioned, the operator sterilizes the skin with alcohol and anesthetizes the skin with appropriate anesthesia (e.g. 1% lidocaine, included in the single-use items kit 300). Sufficient anesthesia is applied to the area around the tumor to fully encompass the treatment zone.

In one embodiment, the operator uses the stereotactic table to take stereotactic images. From these images, the operator determines coordinates of the center of the tumor and a point immediately adjacent to the tumor. In some embodiments, the operator performs one or more core biopsies for future reference and/or to create a path for insertion of the laser probe 100. Before inserting the probes into the tumor, a metal clip marker (not shown) in one embodiment is inserted into the breast immediately adjacent to the tumor for future reference.

In one embodiment, the operator rotatably inserts the probe holders 50 and 52 into the probe holder attachments 16 a and 16 b and inserts the laser probe 100 into the appropriate channels in the probe holders. Once the cannula 100 a and stylet 100 b have been appropriately inserted in the tumor, the operator removes the stylet 100 b from the cannula 100 a and replaces it with a hemostasis valve 104 and an optical fiber 116. The hemostasis valve 104 is connected to the laser probe 100 by finger-tightening the laser probe connector 104 a. The operator connects the optical fiber 116 to the optical connector 30 on the connector box 24 after removing the protective cap from the optical fiber 116. The operator then inserts the optical fiber 116 into the optical fiber port 104 c on the hemostasis valve 104 such that the tip of the optical fiber is inside the laser probe 100. In different embodiments, the tip of the optical fiber extends in the laser probe 100 until it is even with the end of the laser probe 100 inserted in the tumor mass. It should be appreciated that if the tip of the optical fiber 116 extends beyond the end of the laser probe, the interstitial laser treatment may be less effective because laser energy does not dissipate as efficiently as if the optical fiber 116 is properly aligned. In different embodiments, therefore, the optical fiber is configured to extend beyond the tip of the laser probe 100 and to efficiently radiate heat energy in the tumor mass. The operator also connects the saline tube 114 to the saline tube connector 104 b on the hemostasis valve 104. During treatment, the tip of the optical fiber 116 is irrigated with normal saline solution provided through the saline tube 114 at a rate of between 1 and 2 cc per minute provided by the infusion pump 106. In one embodiment, the saline is para-axially infused along the optical fiber 116 and into the tumor.

The thermal probe 102 in one embodiment is inserted through the probe holders 50 and 52 and into the breast astride and parallel to the laser probe 100 such that the distance from the laser probe 100 is known. In one embodiment, the thermal probe 102 is inserted through a thermal probe channel 50 c or 52 c in each of two probe holders 50 and 52 such that the thermal probe's 102 distance from the laser probe 100 is easily ascertainable. The probe holders enable the operator to determine the distance between the probes based on the discretion of the operator and the analysis of the desired zone of ablation. In one embodiment, the holes in the probe holders 50 and 52 enable the thermal probe 102 to be positioned 5 millimeters, 7.5 millimeters, or 11 millimeters from the center of the laser probe 100.

In one embodiment, the operator generates a second set of stereotactic images to confirm appropriate positioning of probes 100 and 102 with respect to the tumor and with respect to each other. In one embodiment, after the probes 100 and 102 are appropriately positioned, the operator injects additional anesthetic into the area around the tumor 1 to ensure field anesthesia during interstitial laser treatment. In one embodiment, the additional anesthetic is 30-40 cc of 0.5% bupivacaine HCl (MARCAINE®), provided in the interstitial laser therapy kit 300.

The operator monitors the patient's vital signs and ensures comfort on the table before commanding the control system to begin interstitial laser treatment. Oxygenation is monitored with a pulse oxymeter throughout the treatment. The patient's blood pressure and pulse are also checked periodically. In one embodiment, a coolant fluid spray (preferably ethylene chloride) is available to cool the skin around the entry point of the laser probe 100 if any backflow of heated saline solution occurs.]

Monitoring Treatment Using the Control System

In one embodiment, the control system causes the display of various indications on the display 112 connected to the microprocessor during treatment that enable the operator to monitor an interstitial laser treatment and determine whether and when to stop treatment. The control system monitors the thermistor temperatures detected by the thermistor controller to automatically determines whether additional laser energy, less laser energy, or no laser energy (i.e., that treatment should be stopped) should be applied.

It should be appreciated that in the various figures described below, if a button provided in the GUI of the control system is outlined by two solid lines, the button is selectable by the operator using an input device such as a mouse 206 or a keyboard 208. If the button is outlined by a single solid line, the button is not selectable. Referring now to FIGS. 12, 13, 14, and 15, the control system displays a treatment window 1000 that displays the laser power being utilized 1002, the delivered energy 1004, the elapsed time of treatment 1006, and various parameters defined previously by the operator 1008. In one embodiment, the displayed parameters 1008 include the Laser Probe Maximum Temperature, the Laser Probe Setpoint Temperature, the Laser Probe Minimum Temperature, and the Thermal Probe Maximum Temperature. Additionally, the control system displays a thermistor temperature chart 1001 including the temperature detected by each thermistor of each probe. In one embodiment, this information is displayed as a bar graph with six bars, wherein one bar represents the temperature detected by each of T_(L) (1010), T₁ (1012), T₂ (1014), T₃ (1016), T₄ (1018), and T₅ (1020). The control system receives real-time data from the thermistor controller and updates each bar as data is received, enabling the operator to quickly determine the temperatures detected by each thermistor.

In different embodiments, the control system displays a Start Treatment button 1050 and a Stop Treatment button 1052. In one embodiment, not shown, the Start Treatment and Stop Treatment buttons are not selectable before the temperature readings indicated for each of the thermistors has reached an appropriate minimum temperature. In one embodiment, illustrated by FIG. 12, the control system enables the operator to select the Start Treatment button 1050 of the treatment screen 1000 after each thermistor indicates a detected temperature at or near body temperature. In different embodiments, the temperature at or near body temperature is between 32° C. and 39° C. In one such embodiment, the temperature to enable treatment to begin is approximately 35° C. The control system ensures that treatment cannot be started before the thermistors detect such a temperature as a safety mechanism, as it is dangerous to emit laser energy when the probes are at room temperature (i.e., the probes have not yet been inserted, so any laser energy emitted would not be directed into the tumor).

FIG. 12 illustrates that the temperature detected by each of the thermistors T_(L), T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄, and T₅ is 37° C., as indicated by bars 1010, 1012, 1014, 1016, 1018, and 1020. Therefore, the control system enables the operator to select the Start Treatment button 1050 and emits an audible beep to indicate that interstitial laser therapy may be started. In different embodiments, the control system enables an operator to begin an interstitial laser treatment even if one or more thermistors of either the laser probe 100 or the thermal probe 102 does not measure a resistance indicating a temperature at or near body temperature. In these embodiments, the control system does not provide a temperature-based mechanism to determine whether the probes are inserted in a tumor mass and tissue adjacent to the tumor mass before generating laser energy—the operator in these embodiments determines whether the probes are appropriately placed before beginning treatment. Before the treatment has begun, and at any time during treatment when the laser source 108 is not emitting laser energy, the control system displays a LASER OFF message in status box 1080. In one such embodiment, the status box 1080 continuously displays messages indicating the current status of the laser.

The laser source begins emitting laser energy when an operator selects the Start Treatment button 1050. After the Start Treatment button has been selected, the control system in one embodiment displays a popup window directing the operator to start the infusion pump 106 (not shown). The operator indicates the infusion pump is running by selecting an OK button displayed by the control system. Once the control system has determined that the infusion pump 106 is running, it sends a signal to the laser source 108 to begin treatment. In different embodiments, the control system is additionally configured to communicate with the infusion pump 106 to determine whether saline solution is being delivered to the laser probe 100. In these embodiments, the control system does not generate and display a popup window asking the operator whether the infusion pump 106 is running.

In one embodiment, not shown, the status bar 1080 displays a message of LASER INITIALIZING prior to the laser source 108 emitting laser energy. In this embodiment, the control system sends a command to the laser source 108 to begin emitting laser energy based on an operator selecting the Start Treatment button described above, and during initialization the laser source 108 emits a plurality of audible beeps over the course of a few seconds (as mandated by FDA regulations).

In one embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 13, after an interstitial laser treatment has begun, the control system displays a treatment window 1100 including a Pause Treatment button 1150 where the Start Treatment button 1050 had been, enabling the operator to pause treatment by selecting the button. In one embodiment, the control system displays a red flashing LASER ON message in the status bar 1080 and the laser source 108 begins emitting laser energy. During treatment, the control system monitors the temperatures detected by the various thermistors of the laser probe 100 and the thermal probe 102 displays the temperatures as bars 1010, 1012, 1014, 1016, 1018, and 1020 in a thermistor temperature chart 1001. In one embodiment, the control system enables the operator to select the Stop Treatment button 1052 during application of laser energy to stop treatment altogether. In different embodiments, selecting the Stop Treatment button 1152 during treatment causes the control system to cease applying laser energy and to prevent treatment from being resumed. In one such embodiment, selecting the Stop Treatment button 1152 also causes the microprocessor to store an indication on the memory device that the interstitial laser therapy kit used to perform the treatment is no longer valid for use, and to store an indication that the treatment was not completed successfully.

Referring still to FIG. 13, in one embodiment, while the laser source 108 is emitting laser energy (and the status bar 1080 displays a flashing LASER ON message), the laser source and/or the control system emits an audible beep approximately every 10 seconds. In some embodiments, during application of laser energy, the control system continuously updates the bars 1010, 1012, 1014, 1016, 1018, and 1020 on the thermistor temperature chart 1001, representing the temperature readings indicated by T_(L), T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄, and T₅, respectively. In different embodiments, the control system populates and continuously updates the values displayed in the Elapsed Time indicator 1006 and the Delivered Energy indicator 1004. In one embodiment, the control system records an entry in the database every second during treatment, wherein each record indicates Laser Power 1002, Elapsed Time 1006, Delivered Energy 1004, and each of the six temperature readings 1010, 1012, 1014, 1016, 1018, and 1020.

In one embodiment, over the course of a successful interstitial laser treatment, the control system displays temperatures for thermistors T₁-T₅ in the general shape of a bell curve as illustrated by the thermistor temperature chart 1001 of FIG. 13. In one embodiment, the thermistor T₃ indicates the highest temperature of the thermal probe thermistors. In such an embodiment, thermistor T₃ indicates the highest temperature of the thermal probe thermistors because it is positioned closest to the center of the tumor, and therefore closest to the site where the laser energy is being delivered.

In different embodiments, the control system displays the thermistor temperature of one or more thermistors as a different color when the thermistor temperature exceeds certain temperatures. In one embodiment, the thermistor temperatures are indicated as green bars (represented by low-left to high-right cross-hatching) at relatively low temperatures. In this embodiment, the thermistor temperatures are indicated as yellow bars (represented by bars with no cross-hatching) at optimal treatment temperatures. Further, in this embodiment, the thermistor temperatures are indicated as red bars (represented by bars with high-left to low-right cross-hatching) when detected temperatures exceed optimal temperatures.

In an example embodiment, when the temperature registered by the thermistor T_(L) at the tip of the laser registers a temperature greater than the Laser Probe Min Temp parameter but less than the Laser Probe Max Temp parameter (defined as noted above), the control system displays the temperature as yellow bar 1130. The yellow bar in this embodiment indicates that the laser probe 100 is operating within an optimal treatment temperature range. In a further embodiment, if the temperature detected by T_(L) at the tip of the laser probe 100 exceeds the predefined Laser Probe Setpoint Temp parameter, the control system displays the temperature as a red bar (not shown), indicating that the operator should consider cessation of treatment. If the temperature detected ever exceeds the Laser Probe Max Temp parameter, the control system automatically sends a signal to the laser source 108 causing it to cease emitting laser energy. In this embodiment, the control system continues monitoring the temperatures detected by each of the thermistors to enable the operator to determine when the probes may be safely removed from the skin of the patient. It should be appreciated that in different embodiments, the operator may resume treatment after the temperature detected by the laser probe thermistor exceeds the Laser Probe Max Temp if the operator selects a Resume Treatment button after the thermistor temperatures indicate temperatures within the treatment ranges defined by the parameters 1008.

Referring to FIG. 14, when the temperature detected by one of the thermal probe thermistors T₁-T₅ reaches 80% of a predefined Thermal Probe Max Temp, the control system in one embodiment displays a yellow bar 1132 representing the detected temperatures, indicating that the maximum acceptable temperature is being approached. In one embodiment, if the temperature detected by any of the thermal probe thermistors reaches 100% of the predefined Thermal Probe Max Temp, the control system displays a red bar 1134 indicating that the optimal tissue treatment temperature has been reached, and that can consider terminating treatment. It should be appreciated that the control system in one embodiment does not automatically stop treatment if one or more, but not all, of the thermal probe thermistors detect a temperature exceeding the Thermal Probe Max Temp.

Referring now to FIG. 15, in one embodiment, the control system typically determines that a treatment is successful after a tumor with a diameter of 2.0 cm has been treated for between 15 and 30 minutes (e.g. 00:20:28, illustrated by elapsed time 1006). During a successful treatment, the temperature at the tip of the laser probe 100, indicated by T_(L) 1012, typically reaches a maximum of between 50° C. and 60° C. before the temperatures in the surrounding tissue, detected by the thermistors of the thermal probe 102 (T₁-T₅) begin to rise. In one embodiment, the control system is configured to adjust the laser power and the saline infusion rate (e.g., by instructing the operator to change the rate on the infusion pump 106) to maintain a temperature at the tip of the laser probe 100 between 80° C. and 105° C. during treatment. In different embodiments, the control system enables the operator to determine any changes that need to be made to the amount of laser energy or the saline infusion rate to be applied. In this embodiment, the control system enables the operator to change the laser power by clicking an up or down arrow button of the Laser Power meter 1002.

In one embodiment, the control system determines that an interstitial laser treatment is successful and terminates treatment when the thermistors of the thermal probe, inserted in the tissue adjacent to the tumor mass, indicate a temperature of approximately 60° C. or more. Referring to FIG. 15, the line illustrated by numeral 1232 indicates the maximum temperature detected by the thermistor T₃ and represented by the bar 1016. As further illustrated in FIG. 15, each thermistor of the thermal probe T₁-T₅ indicates a temperature equal to or in excess of 60° C. Based on these detected temperatures, the control system in the illustrated embodiment that treatment is complete. The control system in one embodiment sends a signal to the laser source 108 to cause the laser source 108 stop providing laser energy. It should be appreciated that in some embodiments, when tumors with diameters smaller than 2.0 cm are being treated, the control system determines that treatment is complete when fewer than all of the thermistors of the thermal probe detect a temperature of approximately 60° C.

When the control system determines that treatment is complete based on the detected temperatures, it sends a signal to the laser source 108 to stop generating laser energy and thus terminates treatment. In one embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 15, the control system displays the Pause Treatment 1150 and Stop Treatment 1052 buttons as grayed out, and thus as un-selectable. The control system also changes the message displayed in the status field 1080 to a static, non-flashing LASER OFF message. The control system in different embodiments displays a popup window 1240 informing the operator that all the thermal probe thermistors reached their maximum, predefined target temperatures. A digital temperature and marker line 1232 are displayed in one embodiment of the thermistor temperature display screen 1001 indicating the maximum temperature achieved by each thermistor during treatment. In this embodiment, the control system stops updating the Elapsed Time counter 1006 and Delivered Energy counter 1004.

Referring now to FIG. 16, after treatment has been terminated, a cool-down period begins in one embodiment. During the cool-down period, the control system continues to display bars 1010, 1012, 1014, 1016, 1018, and 1020 representing the laser probe and thermal probe thermistor temperatures, enabling the control system and the operator to confirm that the treatment area is cooling down. The control system in different embodiments continues to store these temperature readings in the appropriate database record. The control system enables the operator to select a Treatment Finished button 1256 in one embodiment to stop storing data about detected thermistor temperatures, elapsed time, and laser power.

Pausing or Halting Treatment Using the Control System

The control system in different embodiments enables treatment to be paused temporarily or stopped permanently if the operator determines that such an action is necessary.

In one embodiment, if thermistor controller communicates that a thermistor, its associated wiring, or the thermistor controller fails during treatment, the control system displays a popup window indicating to the operator which thermistor or thermistors has or have the problem (not shown). Regardless of the detected failure, the control system continues to track the temperatures detected by the operational thermistors. In different embodiments, the thermistor controller detects the failure of the thermistor based on an incorrect or missing signal indicating a determined resistance. IN one such embodiment, the microprocessor detects the failure of one of the thermistors as a failure by the thermistor controller to provide a thermistor temperature as part of a thermistor temperature data set. For example, if the thermistor controller is monitoring thermistors T_(L) and T₁-T₅, and the thermistor temperature data set contains only temperature T_(L) and T₁-T₄, the thermistor temperature data set indicates to the microprocessor that thermistor T₅ has failed or is not functioning properly.

In one embodiment, if a thermistor of the thermal probe 102 fails during treatment, the control system determines whether to automatically terminate treatment by comparing the number of failed thermistors to the value stored in the Maximum Bad Thermal Probe Thermistor Limit parameter. If the number of bad thermistors equals or exceeds the stored value of the parameter, the control system automatically causes a signal to be sent to the laser source 108 to stop emitting laser energy, thereby terminating treatment. If the number of detected bad thermistors is less than the stored value of this parameter, the control system enables the operator to terminate treatment if necessary. In another embodiment, if the failed thermistor is on the laser probe 100 (i.e., if T_(L) fails), the control system pauses treatment by sending a signal to cause the laser source 108 to stop emitting laser energy. In this embodiment, the control system keeps monitoring temperatures detected by the remaining functional thermistors. The control system also enables the operator to determine whether to continue treatment. If the operator decides to terminate treatment, and the control system provides the operator with a number of alternative ways to halt treatment, discussed below. In one embodiment, the control system does not pause treatment if the laser probe thermistor does not determine a thermistor temperature. Rather, the control system displays a message indicating the failed thermistor and allows the laser source 108 to continue emitting laser energy. In this embodiment, if the operator determines that treatment needs to be stopped, the operator actuates a button depending on the appropriate stoppage mechanism, discussed below.

As illustrated in FIG. 13, if the operator determines that treatment needs to be paused but not altogether terminated, the control system enables the operator to a select Pause Treatment button 1150. If the operator selects the Pause Treatment button 1150, the control system continues to monitor thermistor temperatures and update the thermistor temperature bars 1010, 1012, 1014, 1016, 1018, and 1020, illustrated in FIG. 14, and the infusion pump continues to generate a steady flow of saline or other solution, but the control system causes a command to be sent to the laser source 108 to cease generating laser energy. FIG. 14 illustrates that if the interstitial laser treatment has been paused, the control system generates and displays a digital temperature and marker line (e.g. 1232) at each bar's maximum temperature, indicating the temperature detected by each thermistor immediately before the operator paused the treatment. The control system also stops incrementing the elapsed time counter 1006 and delivered energy counter 1004. When the operator pauses treatment, the control system causes the Pause Treatment button 1150 to change to a Resume Treatment button 1250, and changes the message displayed in the status field 1080 to a non-flashing LASER OFF message. In a further embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 14, the control system enables the operator to change the laser power displayed in the laser power meter 1002 after the operator has paused treatment. If the operator so changes the laser power, the control system sends a message to the laser source 108 that causes the laser source to emit laser energy according to the changed laser power value.

Referring still to FIG. 14, the control system enables the operator to select the Resume Treatment button 1250 when the operator determines that it is safe to resume treatment. In one embodiment, the control system displays a popup window asking the operator to confirm that the infusion pump is running. When the operator selects the OK button, the control system sends a signal to the laser source 108 commanding it to begin generating laser energy, and the control system resumes the counters and any data monitoring and storage.

The control system in one embodiment (not shown) automatically pauses treatment if the laser probe thermistor (T_(L)) detects a temperature in excess of the predefined Laser Probe Max Temp parameter. If the control system detects this high temperature at the laser probe thermistor, it sends a signal to the laser source 108 commanding it to stop generating laser energy. Additionally, the control system displays a popup window and emits an audible beep to notify the operator that the maximum temperature has been exceeded and that treatment has been paused. If the control system causes treatment to be paused as in the above embodiment, the control system also enables the operator to resume treatment by selecting the Resume Treatment button 1250 after the laser probe thermistor temperature (T_(L)) has been reduced to an acceptable value.

In one embodiment, illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, the control system displays a Stop Treatment button 1052 which the operator may select at any time. If the operator selects the Stop Treatment button 1052, the control system sends a signal to the laser source 108 commanding it to stop emitting laser energy. Thus, the control system enables the operator to prevent laser energy from being applied to the tumor immediately upon selecting the Stop Treatment button 1052. As discussed above, the control system does not cease monitoring thermistor temperatures if the operator stops the treatment. The control system continues to record temperatures detected by each thermistor to enable the operator to determine when the tissue has cooled to enable the probes to be safely removed. Unlike the embodiment in which the operator selects the Pause Treatment button, the control system does not enable the operator to resume treatment after selecting the Stop Treatment button, and the data stored in the database indicates that the treatment was unsuccessful.

As discussed with reference to FIG. 2, the interstitial laser therapy apparatus includes an electro-mechanical shutter switch 202 mounted in one embodiment between the keyboard 208 and the monitor 112. It is an electro-mechanical switch—that is, the operator can actuate the switch regardless of what the control system is doing. The shutter switch 202 impacts treatment identically to the software Pause Treatment button 1150 displayed by the control system. However, rather than the control system sending a software-generated electrical signal to the laser source 108, an electrical signal is sent directly from the actuated electro-mechanical shutter switch 202 to the laser source 108. In one embodiment, upon receiving the signal from the electro-mechanical shutter switch 202, the laser source 108 closes a shutter to prevent emission of laser energy. Additionally, the laser source 108 in different embodiments sends a signal to the microprocessor indicating that the shutter of the laser source 108 is closed. In different embodiments, this causes the control system to behave as if the operator had selected the Pause Treatment button 1150. In one embodiment, this means that the control system continues monitoring the temperatures recorded by the various thermistors, but stops increasing the Elapsed Time counter 1006 and the Delivered Energy counter 1004. Additionally, actuating the shutter switch 202 causes the control system to display a Resume Treatment button 1250 instead of the Pause Treatment button 1150. In one embodiment, selecting the Resume Treatment button 1250 enables the operator to resume treatment causing the microprocessor to send a message to cause the laser source 108 to open the shutter. It should be appreciated that pausing treatment using the electro-mechanical shutter switch 202 as opposed to selecting the Pause Treatment button 1150 enables the operator to ensure that a signal is sent to close the shutter by actuation of an electro-mechanical device rather than relying on the microprocessor to send an appropriate signal. Additionally, if the software is unresponsive, the reporting may be improper, but the electro-mechanical shutter switch 202 enables the operator to be sure that a signal is sent to the laser source 108 to cease applying laser energy.

The interstitial laser therapy apparatus also includes an electro-mechanical emergency shutoff button 204, in one embodiment prominently located at the top of the cart 20. The electro-mechanical emergency shutoff button 204 in one embodiment activates control system's emergency stop function. If an operator is unable to stop the laser source 108 from generating energy by pausing the treatment by selecting the Pause Treatment button 1150 or by actuating the electro-mechanical shutter switch 202, actuating the emergency shutoff button 204 provides an electro-mechanical stop-gap. In one embodiment, actuating the emergency shutoff button 204 prevents any electricity from being supplied to the laser source 108. This is in contrast to the Pause Treatment button 1150 and/or the electro-mechanical shutter switch 202, which merely instruct the laser to cease emitting laser energy or send a signal to close a shutter. Preferably, the operator only actuates the electro-mechanical emergency shutoff button 204 in the event the laser source 108 becomes unresponsive to either commands from the microprocessor, becomes unresponsive to the shutter switch 202, or if some other condition occurs that requires immediate termination the power supplied to the laser source 108 that cannot be remedied by actuating the electro-mechanical shutter switch 202.

In one embodiment, the microprocessor regularly sends heartbeat signals to the laser source 108 to determine whether it is functioning. Thus, In one embodiment, if the operator actuates the electro-mechanical emergency shutoff button 204 to cut off power to the laser source 108, the microprocessor will not receive an adequate response to one of its heartbeat signals, thus indicating the laser source 108 is non-responsive. In this embodiment, the control system displays a popup window indicating a communications failure between the computer 110 and the laser source 108. In a further embodiment, the computer 110 emits an audible tone after about five seconds of the power to the laser source 108 being turned off. In different embodiments, the laser source 108 also monitors the connection with the microprocessor. If the laser source 108 determines that communication with the microprocessor has been lost or has failed, the laser source in one embodiment stops emitting laser energy. In this embodiment, the microprocessor detects the failure of communication and displays an appropriate message to the operator indicating that communication has failed. In different embodiments, the message displayed to the operator indicates that the communications link has been lost and that the laser source 108 should be off. In one such embodiment, the operator should double-check the laser source 108 to ensure that it is not emitting laser energy. The control system in various embodiments continues to monitor the temperatures detected by the various thermistors to enable the operator to determine the success of the treatment and when and whether it is safe to remove the probes from the tumor and tissue adjacent to the tumor.

Dealing with Trouble that Arises During Treatment

If during interstitial laser treatment performed with the interstitial laser therapy apparatus and kit(s) a malfunction of the infusion pump 106, syringe 118, or saline tube 114 occurs, the operator should select the Pause Treatment button 1150 displayed by the control system. The operator should replace the faulty item or items, re-prime the syringe 118, and select the Resume Treatment button 1250.

If the communication link between the computer 110 and the laser source 108 is lost and cannot be restored within a few seconds, the control system in one embodiment automatically shuts off power to the laser source 108. In a further embodiment, the computer 110 emits an audible alarm, and the control system updates the laser status bar 1080 to display the message COMMUNICATION FAILURE and displays a popup window informing the operator of the communication failure and instructing the operator to monitor the temperature bars and, if needed, turn off the laser source 108 by actuating the emergency stop button 204. It should be appreciated that in one embodiment, discussed above, the communication link between the microprocessor and the laser source 108 is lost because the operator actuates the emergency shutoff button 204 to cut off power to the laser source 108. In this embodiment, the control system verifies that power to the laser source 108 is off.

If a malfunction occurs with the laser source 108 during treatment, the laser source 108 ceases applying laser energy and sends a signal to the microprocessor to notify the control system of the problem. The control system then displays a popup window and the computer 110 emits an audible beep to alert the operator of the problem with the laser source 108. The control system in one embodiment continues to monitor the thermistor temperatures and continues to display them on the GUI. The displayed temperature bars enable the operator to monitor the thermistor temperatures to ensure the tissue cools down as expected. If the thermistors do not indicate that the temperature is dropping, or if temperatures continue to rise, the emergency stop button 204 enables the operator to cut power to the laser source 108.

Table 4 below represents a summary of certain problems and the appropriate corrective actions. The corrective actions are listed in order of increasing severity from left to right. If Table 4 contains an ‘x’ the corrective action indicated is sufficient to rectify the noted problem. It should be appreciated that in some embodiments, a column to the right of the leftmost ‘x’ in a given row represents an unreasonably aggressive reaction to the specific problem. For instance, for an infusion pump problem, pressing the Pause Treatment button 1150 would be appropriate, but pressing the red emergency stop button 204 is too aggressive in one embodiment.

TABLE 4 Pause Yellow Stop Emergency Treatment Shutter Treatment Stop Power Button Switch Button Button Switch Problem Event 1150 202 1152 204 200 Infusion pump problem X X X X X Tumor temperature too high X X X X X Unintended laser exposure X X X X X Fiber optic cable break X X X Thermistor fault requiring X X X termination Laser fault X X X Laser/software X X X communication fault Shutter switch failure X X X Computer hardware fault X X Software fault X X Laser fails to turn off via red X emergency stop button Laser fails to turn off via key X lock Electrical shock X

Finishing Treatment

In one embodiment, when the laser source 108 has been turned off, the tissue begins to cool. The method for safely removing the probes is applicable no matter the means by which the laser was turned off—that is, it applies whether the control system ended treatment, the control system enabled the operator to stop treatment by selecting the Stop Treatment button 1152, the control system enabled the operator to stop treatment by actuating the electro-mechanical shutter switch 202, the control system enabled the operator to stop treatment by actuating the electro-mechanical emergency shutoff button 204, or treatment ended for another reason.

In one embodiment, even after the laser source 108 stops generating laser energy, the infusion pump 106 continues to pump saline solution into through the laser probe 100. Since the saline solution is at room temperature, continued circulation of saline solution gradually cools the tissue. The control system continues to track and display the temperatures detected by the various thermistors, as illustrated in FIG. 16, enabling the operator to determine when safe tissue temperatures have been reached such that the probes may be removed. When the tissue temperatures are low enough, the control system enables the operator in one embodiment to select the Treatment Finished button 1256, and the control system stops collecting data. The control system displays a popup window instructing the operator to stop the infusion pump 106. In different embodiments, the microprocessor is configured to co-act with the infusion pump 106, so when treatment is finished the microprocessor sends an appropriate signal to the infusion pump 106 to turn it off.

In one embodiment, illustrated by FIG. 16 the control system displays a popup window 1400 enabling the operator to enter comments about the treatment using the keyboard 208 or mouse 206. When the operator indicates the comments are complete by selecting the OK button 1402, the control system associates the comments with the treated patient and stores them on the memory device.

In different embodiments, once the tissue has sufficiently cooled, the operator extracts the probes 100 and 102 from the tissue. The instructions included with the interstitial laser therapy kit(s) in different embodiments require that the probes 100 and 102 be discarded in a sharps container or other approved receptacle. The instructions similarly describe that all other single-use items in the kit(s) should be similarly discarded. In one embodiment, the instructions indicate that none of these items may be reused or sterilized with the intent to reuse. As noted above, in different embodiments, the items included in the kit 300 are not disposable but are designed to be returned to the provider or another entity for sterilization, testing, and re-packaging.

In one embodiment, the stereotactic imaging device enables the operator to take necessary post-procedure stereotactic images prior to the patient leaving the treatment table. The compression plates 18 enable the operator to decompresses the breast and remove any monitoring devices. The medical material included in the kit(s) in different embodiments enable the operator to apply a sterile bandage and to place an ice pack on the breast.

In one embodiment, the operator turns off the infusion pump 106 by pressing its POWER button. Additionally, the operator turns off the laser source 108 by turning its key-switch 210 counter-clockwise and ensuring that the laser power LED 218 is no longer backlit. The operator shuts down the computer 110 from the WINDOWS XP™ desktop by selecting Start, Shut Down, and OK on the Shut Down Windows screen.

It should be appreciated that the present disclosure is not limited to interstitial last energy therapy, and particularly, interstitial laser therapy for the destruction of a breast tumor. The present disclosure may apply to a variety of different non-surgical treatments for the destruction of a variety of different tumor masses.

It should be understood that modifications and variations may be effected without departing from the scope of the novel concepts of the present disclosure, and it should be understood that this application is to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. An interstitial laser therapy control system comprising: a laser source configured to operate with a laser probe positioned in a patient and an optical fiber to emit laser energy through the optical fiber to a tissue of interest of a patient during an interstitial laser treatment; at least one display device; at least one input device; a thermistor controller configured to operate with a thermal probe positioned in a patient, said thermal probe have a plurality of spaced-apart thermistors; at least one memory device; a microprocessor configured to operate with the laser source, the at least one display device, the at least one input device, the thermistor controller, and the at least one memory device to: (a) receive a plurality of thermistor temperature data sets from the thermistor controller, the thermistor temperature data sets representing temperatures determined based on resistance data detectable by the plurality of thermistors of the thermal probe, wherein each thermistor is configured to provide separate resistance data to the thermistor controller; (b) after the laser source starts emitting an amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, enable an operator to manually cause via the at least one input device and the microprocessor a change to the amount of laser energy emitted by the laser source during the interstitial laser treatment from a first amount of laser energy above zero to a second different operator selectable amount of laser energy above zero; (c) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if a first one of the thermistor temperature data sets indicates that a first quantity of the thermistors of the thermal probe are not properly functioning, the first quantity being at least one and less than a predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit, the predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit being greater than one and less than or equal to all of the thermistors of the thermal probe, automatically send at least one signal to cause the at least one display device to display, for each thermistor of the thermal probe that is not properly functioning, an indication of that thermistor and an indication that thermistor is not properly functioning, cause the laser source to continue to emit the laser energy, and enable the operator to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy; (d) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if the first one of the thermistor temperature data sets indicates that a second quantity of the thermistors of the thermal probe are not properly functioning, the second quantity being at least equal to the predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit, automatically send at least one signal to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy to terminate the interstitial laser treatment; and (e) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, automatically send at least one signal to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy if a second one of the thermistor temperature data sets indicates a temperature of a tissue of interest that exceeds a designated maximum tissue temperature; an emergency shutoff switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source without cutting off power to the microprocessor and the thermistor controller; a master power switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source, the microprocessor, and the thermistor controller; and wherein the laser source is configured to determine if communication with the microprocessor fails, and if so, stop emitting laser energy.
 2. The control system of claim 1, wherein the thermistor temperature data sets also represent temperatures determined based on resistance data detectable by a thermistor of the laser probe, wherein the microprocessor is configured to, after the laser source starts emitting laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if the first one of the thermistor temperature data sets indicates that the thermistor of the laser probe is not properly functioning, cause the at least one display device to display an indication that the thermistor of the laser probe is not properly functioning, cause the laser source to continue to emit the laser energy, and enable the operator to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy.
 3. An interstitial laser therapy control system comprising: a laser source configured to operate with a laser probe positioned in a patient and an optical fiber to emit laser energy through the optical fiber to a tissue of interest of a patient during an interstitial laser treatment; at least one display device; at least one input device; at least one memory device; a thermistor controller; a microprocessor configured to operate with the laser source, the at least one display device, the at least one input device, the at least one memory device, and the thermistor controller to: (a) receive a plurality of thermistor temperature data sets, each data set indicating temperatures determined based on separate resistance data detected by each of a thermistor of the laser probe and a plurality of spaced-apart thermistors of a thermal probe positioned in a patient; (b) determine from a first one of the thermistor temperature data sets whether each thermistor is properly functioning; (c) after the laser source starts emitting an amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, enable an operator to manually cause via the at least one input device and the microprocessor a change to the amount of laser energy emitted by the laser source during the interstitial laser treatment from a first amount of laser energy above zero to a second different operator selectable amount of laser energy above zero; (d) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, automatically send at least one signal to cause a laser source to stop emitting laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment if a second one of the thermistor temperature data sets indicates a temperature for the thermistor of the laser probe above a designated maximum laser probe thermistor temperature; (e) display an indication of a third one of the thermistor temperature data sets, said indication representing temperatures of the thermistor of the laser probe and each thermistor of the thermal probe; (f) store data indicating the tissue of interest reached a designated treatment-complete temperature if a fourth one of the thermistor temperature data sets indicates a temperature for each thermistor of the thermal probe exceeding the designated treatment-complete temperature; (g) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if a fifth one of the thermistor temperature data sets indicates that the thermistor of the laser probe is not properly functioning, cause the at least one display device to display an indication that the thermistor of the laser probe is not properly functioning, cause the laser source to continue to emit the laser energy, and enable the operator to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy; and (h) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if one of the thermistor temperature data sets indicates that a first quantity of thermistors of the thermal probe are not properly functioning, the first quantity being at least one and less than a predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit, the predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit being greater than one and less than or equal to all of the thermistors of the thermal probe, cause the at least one display device to display, for each thermistor of the thermal probe that is not properly functioning, an indication of that thermistor and an indication that thermistor is not properly functioning, cause the laser source to continue to emit the laser energy, and enable the operator to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy; an emergency shutoff switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source without cutting off power to the microprocessor and the thermistor controller; a master power switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source, the microprocessor, and the thermistor controller; and wherein the laser source is configured to determine if communication with the microprocessor fails, and if so, stop emitting laser energy.
 4. The control system of claim 3, wherein the microprocessor is configured to receive thermistor temperature data from the thermistor controller.
 5. The control system of claim 3, wherein the designated maximum laser probe thermistor temperature is approximately 100° C.-105° C.
 6. The control system of claim 3, wherein the designated treatment-complete temperature is approximately 60° C.
 7. An interstitial laser therapy control system comprising: a thermistor controller; a laser source configured to operate with a laser probe positioned in a patient and an optical fiber to emit laser energy through the optical fiber to a tissue of interest of a patient during an interstitial laser treatment, said laser source including a shutter; at least one display device; at least one input device; at least one memory device; a microprocessor configured to operate with the thermistor controller, the at least one display device, the at least one input device, and the at least one memory device to: (a) after the laser source starts emitting an amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, receive a thermistor temperature data set indicating the temperature determined by the thermistor controller from separate resistance data detected by a thermistor of the laser probe and a plurality of spaced-apart thermistors of a thermal probe positioned in a patient; (b) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, enable an operator to manually cause via the at least one input device and the microprocessor a change in the amount of laser energy emitted by the laser source during the interstitial laser treatment from a first amount of laser energy above zero to a second different operator selectable amount of laser energy above zero; (c) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if the thermistor temperature data set indicates temperature for the thermistor of the laser probe that exceeds a designated maximum laser probe thermistor temperature, automatically send at least one signal to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy; (d) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if the thermistor temperature data set indicates that a first quantity of thermistors of the thermal probe are not properly functioning, the first quantity being at least one and less than a predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit, the predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit being greater than one and less than or equal to all of the thermistors of the thermal probe, cause the at least one display device to display, for each thermistor of the thermal probe that is not properly functioning, an indication of that thermistor and an indication that thermistor is not properly functioning, cause the laser source to continue to emit the laser energy, and enable the operator to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy; and (e) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if the thermistor temperature data set indicates that the thermistor of the laser probe is not properly functioning, cause the at least one display device to display an indication that the thermistor of the laser probe is not properly functioning, cause the laser source to continue to emit the laser energy, and enable the operator to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy; a shutter switch configured to enable the operator to cause at least one signal to be sent to the laser source to cause the shutter of the laser source to close; an electro-mechanical emergency shutoff switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source without cutting off power to the microprocessor and the thermistor controller; an electro-mechanical master power switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source, the microprocessor, and the thermistor controller; and wherein the laser source is configured to determine if communication with the microprocessor fails, and if so, stop emitting laser energy.
 8. The control system of claim 7, wherein the microprocessor is further configured to after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if the thermistor temperature data set indicates that all of the thermistors of the thermal probe are not properly functioning, automatically send at least one signal to cause the laser source, to: (i) stop emitting laser energy, and (ii) terminate said interstitial laser treatment.
 9. The control system of claim 7 wherein the designated maximum laser probe thermistor temperature is approximately 100° C.−105° C.
 10. An interstitial laser therapy control system comprising: a laser source configured to operate with a laser probe positioned in a patient and an optical fiber to emit laser energy through the optical fiber to a tissue of interest of a patient during an interstitial laser treatment; at least one display device; at least one input device; at least one memory device; a thermistor controller; a microprocessor configured to operate with the laser source, the at least one display device, the at least one input device, the at least one memory device, and the thermistor controller to: (a) obtain a first thermistor temperature data set, a second thermistor temperature data set, a third thermistor temperature data set, and a fourth thermistor temperature data set, wherein each thermistor temperature data set indicates a set of temperatures determined based on separate resistance data detected by each of a plurality of spaced-apart thermistors of a thermal probe positioned in a patient and a thermistor of the laser probe; (b) after the laser source starts emitting an amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment and after obtaining the first thermistor temperature data set, enable an operator to manually cause via the at least one input device and the microprocessor a change in an amount of laser energy emitted by the laser source from a first amount of laser energy above zero to a second different operator selectable amount of laser energy above zero; (c) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, automatically send at least one signal to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy if the second thermistor temperature data set indicates temperature for the thermistor of the laser probe above a designated maximum temperature; (d) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, automatically send at least one signal to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy if the operator activates the at least one input device to pause the interstitial laser treatment; (e) after the laser source is stopped from emitting laser energy to pause the interstitial laser treatment, send at least one signal to cause the laser source to again start emitting laser energy if the operator activates the at least one input device to resume the paused interstitial laser treatment; (f) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if the third thermistor temperature data set indicates that a first quantity of the thermistors of the thermal probe are not properly functioning, the first quantity being at least one and less than a predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit, the predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit being greater than one and less than or equal to all of the thermistors of the thermal probe, cause the at least one display device to display, for each thermistor of the thermal probe that is not properly functioning, an indication of that thermistor and an indication that thermistor is not properly functioning, cause the laser source to continue to emit the laser energy, and enable the operator to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy; and (g) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if the fourth thermistor temperature data set indicates that the thermistor of the laser probe is not properly functioning, cause the at least one display device to display an indication that the thermistor of the laser probe is not properly functioning, cause the laser source to continue to emit the laser energy, and enable the operator to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy; an emergency shutoff switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source without cutting off power to the microprocessor and the thermistor controller; a master power switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source, the microprocessor, and the thermistor controller; and wherein the laser source is configured to determine if communication with the microprocessor fails, and if so, stop emitting laser energy.
 11. The control system of claim 10, wherein if one of the thermistors detects a temperature below a designated temperature, the microprocessor is configured to prevent the laser source from emitting laser energy.
 12. The control system of claim 10, wherein the designated maximum temperature is approximately 100° C. to 105° C.
 13. An interstitial laser therapy control system comprising: a thermistor controller configured to receive resistance data from each of a first thermistor of a laser probe positioned in a tissue of interest and a second set of spaced-apart thermistors of a thermal probe positioned in tissue adjacent to the tissue of interest, said thermistor controller configured to convert said resistance data into temperature data; a laser source configured to operate with the laser probe and an optical fiber to emit laser energy through the optical fiber to the tissue of interest of a patient during an interstitial laser treatment; at least one display device; at least one input device; at least one memory device; a microprocessor configured to operate with the at least one display device, the at least one input device, the at least one memory device, the thermistor controller, and the laser source to: (a) receive a temperature data set; (b) store the temperature data set; (c) determine if the temperature data set indicates that each thermistor is properly functioning; (d) after receiving the temperature data set that indicates that the first thermistor and the second set of thermistors are properly functioning and that indicates that the first thermistor and the second set of thermistors are detecting at least a designated minimum temperature, enable an operator to manually cause via the at least one input device and the microprocessor the laser source to emit a desired amount of laser energy for the interstitial laser treatment; (e) after the laser source starts emitting the desired amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, enable the operator to manually cause via the at least one input device and the microprocessor a change in the amount of laser energy emitted by the laser source from a first amount of laser energy above zero to a second different operator selectable amount of laser energy above zero; (f) after the laser source starts emitting the desired amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, automatically send at least one signal to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy if a designated number of the second set of thermistors each provide resistance data that indicate a temperature of the tissue of interest that exceeds a designated maximum tissue temperature; and (g) after the laser source starts emitting the desired amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if the thermistor temperature data sets indicates that a first quantity of the thermistors of the thermal probe are not properly functioning, the first quantity being at least one and less than a predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit, the predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit being greater than one and less than or equal to all of the thermistors of the thermal probe, cause the at least one display device to display, for each thermistor of the thermal probe that is not properly functioning, an indication of that thermistor and an indication that thermistor is not properly functioning, cause the laser source to continue to emit the laser energy, and enable the operator to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy; an emergency shutoff switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source without cutting off power to the microprocessor and the thermistor controller; a master power switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source, the microprocessor, and the thermistor controller; and wherein the laser source is configured to determine if communication with the microprocessor fails, and if so, stop emitting laser energy.
 14. An interstitial laser therapy control system comprising: a laser source configured to operate with a laser probe and an optical fiber to emit laser energy through the optical fiber to a tissue of interest of a patient during an interstitial laser treatment; at least one display device; at least one input device; at least one memory device; a thermistor controller; a microprocessor configured to operate with the laser source, the at least one display device, the at least one input device, the at least one memory device, and the thermistor controller to: (a) receive a kit identifier inputted using the at least one input device, the kit identifier associated with each of the laser probe, a thermal probe, the optical fiber insertable into the laser probe, and at least one probe holder, said kit identifier being physically separate from the laser probe, the thermal probe, the optical fiber, and the at least one probe holder; (b) determine whether the inputted kit identifier is valid; and (c) if the kit identifier is valid, (i) enable an operator to manually cause via the at least one input device an amount of laser energy to be emitted by a laser source during the interstitial laser treatment, (ii) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, manually cause via the at least one input device and the microprocessor a change in the amount of laser energy emitted by the laser source from a first amount of laser energy above zero to a second different operator selectable amount of laser energy above zero, (iii) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, automatically send at least one signal to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy if the microprocessor determines that a temperature of a tissue of interest exceeds a designated maximum tissue temperature, and (iv) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if a first quantity of spaced-apart thermistors of the thermal probe are not properly functioning, the first quantity being at least one and less than a predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit, the predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit being greater than one and less than or equal to all of the thermistors of the thermal probe, cause the at least one display device to display, for each thermistor of the thermal probe that is not properly functioning, an indication of that thermistor and an indication that thermistor is not properly functioning, cause the laser source to continue to emit the laser energy, and enable the operator to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy; an emergency shutoff switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source without cutting off power to the microprocessor and the thermistor controller; a master power switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source, the microprocessor, and the thermistor controller; and wherein the laser source is configured to determine if communication with the microprocessor fails, and if so, stop emitting laser energy.
 15. The control system of claim 14, wherein the kit identifier is valid if it matches a kit identifier stored in the at least one memory device.
 16. The control system of claim 14, wherein the kit identifier is valid if it satisfies a kit identifier validation algorithm performed by the microprocessor.
 17. The control system of claim 16, wherein the kit identifier validation algorithm includes performing a calculation on a first part of the kit identifier and comparing the result to a second part of the kit identifier.
 18. The control system of claim 14, wherein the microprocessor is additionally configured to operate with another microprocessor over a network to determine whether the kit identifier is valid.
 19. An interstitial laser therapy control system comprising: a thermistor controller configured to: (i) receive a plurality of separate resistance data signals from a plurality of spaced-apart thermistors of a thermal probe positioned in a patient during an interstitial laser treatment, (ii) determine a plurality of temperatures based on said received resistance data signals, and (iii) generate a first thermistor temperature data set and a second thermistor temperature data set after the first thermistor temperature data set; at least one input device; at least one display device; a laser source configured to operate with a laser probe positioned in a patient and an optical fiber to emit an amount of laser energy through the optical fiber to a tissue of interest of a patient during the interstitial laser treatment; a microprocessor configured to operate with the thermistor controller, the laser source, and the at least one input device to: (a) after the first thermistor temperature data set indicates that the plurality of thermistors are properly functioning and that the thermistors are each detecting a resistance corresponding to a temperature that exceeds a designated starting temperature, enable an operator to manually cause via the at least one input device and the microprocessor a change in the amount of laser energy emitted by the laser source during the interstitial laser treatment from a first amount of laser energy above zero to a second different operator selectable amount of laser energy above zero; (b) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, determine if the second thermistor temperature data set indicates a temperature for a thermistor of the laser probe exceeds a designated maximum treatment temperature; (c) if the second thermistor temperature data set indicates the temperature for the thermistor of the laser probe exceeds the designated maximum treatment temperature, automatically send at least one signal to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment; (d) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if the second thermistor data set indicates the thermistor of the laser probe is not properly functioning, cause the at least one display device to display an indication that the thermistor of the laser probe is not properly functioning, cause the laser source to continue to emit the laser energy, and enable the operator to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy; and (e) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if the second thermistor data set indicates that a first quantity of the thermistors of the thermal probe are not properly functioning, the first quantity being at least one and less than a predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit, the predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit being greater than one and less than or equal to all of the thermistors of the thermal probe, cause the at least one display device to display, for each thermistor of the thermal probe that is not properly functioning, an indication of that thermistor and an indication that thermistor is not properly functioning, cause the laser source to continue to emit laser energy, and enable the operator to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy; an emergency shutoff switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source without cutting off power to the microprocessor and the thermistor controller; a master power switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source, the microprocessor, and the thermistor controller; and wherein the laser source is configured to determine if communication with the microprocessor fails, and if so, stop emitting laser energy.
 20. The control system of claim 19, wherein the designated maximum treatment temperature is approximately 105° C.
 21. The control system of claim 19, wherein the microprocessor is additionally configured to determine whether an interstitial laser therapy kit is valid based on a kit identifier associated with the interstitial laser therapy kit.
 22. The control system of claim 19, wherein the microprocessor is configured to, after the laser source starts emitting laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, automatically send at least one signal to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy during the interstitial laser therapy if the second thermistor temperature data set indicates that the temperature detected by one of the thermistors of the thermal probe exceeds a designated success temperature.
 23. The control system of claim 22, wherein the designated success temperature is approximately 60° C.
 24. The control system of claim 19, wherein the microprocessor is configured to after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, automatically send at least one signal to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy if the second thermistor temperature data set indicates that the temperature detected by each of the thermistors of the thermal probe exceeds a designated success temperature.
 25. The control system of claim 24, wherein the designated success temperature is approximately 60° C.
 26. The control system of claim 19, wherein the microprocessor is configured to determine a change in a saline infusion rate based on the first thermistor temperature data set.
 27. An interstitial laser therapy control system, the control system comprising: a thermistor controller configured to determine a plurality of temperatures based on resistance data from each of a thermistor of a laser probe positioned in a patient and a plurality of spaced-apart thermistors of a thermal probe positioned in a patient; a laser source configured to operate with the laser probe and an optical fiber to emit an amount of laser energy through the optical fiber to a tissue of interest of a patient during an interstitial laser treatment, the laser source including a shutter, and the shutter configured to prevent emission of laser energy by closing to block a laser beam; at least one input device; at least one display device; a microprocessor configured to operate with at least one input device to: (i) operate with the thermistor controller and the laser source after receiving a kit identifier for a kit which is usable with the laser source; (ii) enable an operator to manually cause via the at least one input device and the microprocessor a first amount of laser energy above zero to be emitted by the laser source during the interstitial laser treatment; (iii) enable the operator to manually cause via the at least one input device and the microprocessor a change in the amount of laser energy emitted by the laser source during the interstitial laser treatment from the first amount of laser energy above zero to a second different operator selectable amount of laser energy above zero; and (iv) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if a first quantity of the thermistors of the thermal probe are not properly functioning, the first quantity being at least one and less than a predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit, the predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit being greater than one and less than or equal to all of the thermistors of the thermal probe, cause the at least one display device to display, for each thermistor of the thermal probe that is not properly functioning, an indication of that thermistor and an indication that thermistor is not properly functioning, cause the laser source to continue to emit the laser energy, and enable the operator to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy; a shutter switch configured to operate with the laser source to, after the laser source starts emitting laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, enable an operator to cause at least one signal to be sent to the laser source to cause the laser source to close the shutter, and wherein the laser source is configured to automatically send at least one signal to the microprocessor indicating that the shutter is closed; an emergency shutoff switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source without cutting off power to the microprocessor and the thermistor controller; a master power switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source, the microprocessor, and the thermistor controller; and wherein the laser source is configured to determine if communication with the microprocessor fails, and if so, stop emitting laser energy.
 28. An interstitial laser therapy control system, the control system comprising: a thermistor controller configured to determine thermistor temperatures from resistance data signals received from a plurality of spaced-apart thermistors of a thermal probe positioned in a patient during an interstitial laser treatment; a laser source configured to operate with a laser probe positioned in a patient and an optical fiber to emit an amount of laser energy through the optical fiber to a tissue of interest of a patient during the interstitial laser treatment, the laser source including a shutter; at least one display device; at least one input device; a microprocessor configured to: (i) operate with the at least one input device to enable an operator to manually cause via the at least one input device and the microprocessor at least one signal to be sent to the laser source to cause the laser source to start to emit an amount of laser energy for the interstitial laser treatment, (ii) operate with the at least one input device to enable the operator to manually cause via the at least one input device and the microprocessor at least one signal to be sent to the laser source to change an amount of laser energy emitted by the laser source for the interstitial laser treatment from a first amount of laser energy above zero to a second different operator selectable amount of laser energy above zero, (iii) operate to automatically communicate a plurality of heartbeat signals with the laser source at regular intervals, wherein if heartbeat response signals are not successfully communicated, the microprocessor is configured to cause the at least one display device to display a message indicating a communication failure between the microprocessor and the laser source, (iv) operate with the laser source to automatically send a close shutter signal to the laser source to cause the laser source to close the shutter of the laser source to prevent the laser source from emitting laser energy, and (v) after the laser source starts emitting the amount of laser energy during the interstitial laser treatment, if a first quantity of the thermistors of the thermal probe are not properly functioning, the first quantity being at least one and less than a predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit, the predefined maximum bad thermal probe thermistor limit being greater than one and less than or equal to all of the thermistors of the thermal probe, cause the at least one display device to display, for each thermistor of the thermal probe that is not properly functioning, an indication of that thermistor and an indication that thermistor is not properly functioning, cause the laser source to continue to emit the laser energy, and enable the operator to cause the laser source to stop emitting laser energy; an electro-mechanical emergency shutoff switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source without cutting off power to the thermistor controller and the microprocessor; a master power switch configured to enable the operator to directly cause a cut off of power to the laser source, the microprocessor, and the thermistor controller; and wherein the laser source is configured to determine if communication with the microprocessor fails, and if so, stop emitting laser energy.
 29. The control system of claim 28, which includes a shutter switch configured to enable the operator to cause at least one signal to be sent to the laser source to cause the shutter of the laser source to close.
 30. The control system of claim 28, wherein the microprocessor is configured to after the power to the laser source is cut off by the electro-mechanical emergency shut-off switch, detect that the laser source is no longer in communication with the microprocessor. 